Propaganda and Persuasion

The Interwar Years, 1920 to 1939 228

The Emergence of Communist Propaganda 229 American Isolationism 232 Fr. Charles Coughlin, S.J. 234 The Institute for Propaganda Analysis 236 Hitler and Nazi Propaganda 239

World War II 252 Post—World War II Conflicts 255

The Korean War, 1950 to 1953 257 The Vietnam War 263 The 1991 Gulf War: Mobilization of World Public Opinion 270 Using Metaphor and Imagery in the Gulf War 274 The "Nayirah" Incident 277 The Aftermath (2005): The Invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq 278 The Cold War, 1945 to 1998 280 Public Diplomacy 287 6. How to Analyze Propaganda 289 The Ideology and Purpose of the Propaganda Campaign 291 The Context in Which the Propaganda Occurs 292 Identification of the Propagandist 293 The Structure of the Propaganda Organization 293 The Target Audience 295 Media Utilization Techniques 296 Special Techniques to Maximize Effect 299 Predispositions of the Audience: Creating Resonance 299

Source Credibility 300 Opinion Leaders 300 Face-to-Face Contact 301 Group Norms 301 Reward and Punishment 301 Monopoly of the Communication Source 302 Visual Symbols of Power 302 Language Usage 303

Music as Propaganda 304 Arousal of Emotions 304 Audience Reaction to Various Techniques 305 Counterpropaganda 305 Effects and Evaluation 306