The Encyclopedia of World Religions

512 S Index

shamanism 314, 417–418

Smith, Joseph, Jr. 16, 263, 357, 468 Smith, W. Cantwell 143, 378 Smith, William Robertson 18, 454 Smyth, John 46 social justice 459–460 Society of Friends. See Quakers Society of Jesus. See Jesuits sociological modes of religious expression xi, 169, 383 sociology 126, 474 Socrates 185, 248, 432 Soen, Shaku 68 Soka Gakkai 231, 235, 427 Solomon 237, 427–428, 475, 476 soma 125, 215 sorcery 476–478 Soto Zen 121, 413, 485 Soubirous, Bernadette 282 soul, concepts of 351, 355, 428 South America 213–214, 344, 395 Southern Baptist Convention 163 Southern Christian Leadership Conference 253 Soviet Union 345, 366 Spain 213, 217, 251 speaking in tongues 36, 80, 337, 338 Spinoza, Baruch 54 spirit possession 194, 428 spirits 18, 31

Tanakh 413, 414 Tani, Grace 4 Tantric rituals 276, 416 Tantrism 438–440

afterlife in world religions 8 Arctic religions 31–32 dance and religion 111 drama 122–123 drugs and religion 125 healing 194 homosexuality and religion 209 Korean religion 257 Native American religions 313–315 prehistoric religion 351 primal religion 356

cakras 70 guru 188 homosexuality and religion 209 kundalini 260 lotus 267 sakti, Saktism 404 sexuality and religion 416 Tibetan religion 452 Vajrayana Buddhism 463 yantra 481

Shariah 166, 221, 345, 418–419 Shavuot 241. See also Pentecost

Taoism 440–442

Shembe, Isaiah 5, 338 Sherbert v. Verner 92 Shi’ite Islam 419–421

afterlife in world religions 9 angels 17 China 82–83 Chuang-tzu 91 Lao-tzu 262–263 Tao te ching 442–443 Vietnamese religions 466 yin/yang theory 482 Tao Te Ching 82–83, 262, 440, 441, 442–443 Tara 443 Tathagata 443 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre 141 teleological argument for the existence of God 178 teleological ethics 137 televangelism 339, 389–390, 443–444 temperance movement 390 Temple in Jerusalem, the Aaron 1 fire and religion 150 Jerusalem 237 Jesus 239 Solomon 427 synagogue 436 Talmud 437 Ten Commandments 106, 141, 444–445, 454 Tenrikyo 445 terrorism fundamentalism 161 fundamentalism, Islamic 165 Hamas 190 Islam 224 Japan, new religions in 232 theodicy 177, 206, 243–244, 445–446, 476 Theodosius I the Great (emperor of Rome) 85, 133, 344 theology 446–448 Thomas Aquinas 26–27 Augustine of Hippo 38–39 John Calvin 71 God, existence of 177–180 Rudolf Otto 329 religion, history of 379–381 religion, study of 382 Theosophical Society 67, 448 Judaism 247 al-Qaeda 366 Tetzel, Johannes 267 Thales 184, 187

assassins 35 ayatollah 41 the Druze 126 Hadith 189 imam 212 Islam 220, 224 salat 405 Shariah 419 Sunni Islam vs. 433 Shingon Buddhism 233, 234, 438 Shinnyo-en (“Garden of Absolute Reality”) 231–232 Shinran 234, 278, 363 Shinto 421–422

Spiritualism 318, 428–430 sramana 59, 228, 297–298 Sri. See Lakshmi

Amaterasu 11 architecture 30 Ise 219

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 147 Stone, Barton W. 386, 387 Stone-Campbell movement. See restoration movement stupa 276, 430, 430–431

Izanagi and Izanami 227 Japanese religion 232, 234 kami 253

Sufism 50, 111, 331, 398, 431 suicide and religion 431–432 Sumerians 212–213, 289 Sun and religion 433 Sunday, Billy 389 Sunni Islam 433–434 Hadith 189 imam 212

music and religion 307 water and religion 474 Shinto festivals 422–423, 423 shrines 219, 343, 430–431 Siddhartha Guatama 56, 62–67, 156, 278 Sikhism 423–425, 424 Adi Granth 2–3 bhakti 50 Gobind Singh 175–176

Islam 220, 223–224 Nation of Islam 225 Malcolm X 275 salat 405 Shariah 419 Supreme Court, U.S. 92 suttee. See sati Suzuki, D. T. 68, 486, 487 Svetambara 229, 298 Swaggart, Jimmy 163, 339, 444 sweat lodge 349, 434 Swedenborg, Emanuel 429 Swidler, Leonard 118 symbolism in religion 249, 434, 473–474 synagogue 31, 343, 435, 436, 454 synoptic gospels 183, 320, 366–367 T taboo 126, 127, 330, 437 Talmud 191, 245, 371, 437–438, 454

India 215 Kabir 252 Nanak 312 Simons, Menno 288, 376 sin 425–426 Genesis 172 grace 183

homosexuality and religion 208 original. See original sin Puritanism 365 salvation 405 Satan 408

Sistine Chapel 249 Sita 192, 262 Siva 172, 265, 303, 334, 426, 426–427 Siva-Purana 334 slavery 226–227, 407, 469–470 Smart, Ninian 379, 380 Smenkhkare (king of Egypt) 10 Smith, Joseph, III 263