Requirement for Consent

“ Citizens of the United States within the meaning of this Amendment must be natural and not artificial

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persons; a corporate body is not a citizen of the United States .”14

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14 Insurance Co. v. New Orleans, 13 Fed.Cas. 67 (C.C.D.La. 1870). Not being citizens of the United States, corporations accordingly have been declared unable "to claim the protection of that clause of the Fourteenth Amendment which secures the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States against abridgment or impairment by the law of a State." Orient Ins. Co. v. Daggs, 172 U.S. 557, 561 (1869) . This conclusion was in harmony with the earlier holding in Paul v. Virginia, 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1869), to the effect that corporations were not within the scope of the privileges and immunities clause of state citizenship set out in Article IV, Sec. 2. See also Selover, Bates & Co. v. Walsh, 226 U.S. 112, 126 (1912) ; Berea College v. Kentucky, 211 U.S. 45 (1908) ; Liberty Warehouse Co. v. Tobacco Growers, 276 U.S. 71, 89 (1928) ; Grosjean

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v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233, 244 (1936).

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[Annotated Fourteenth Amendment, Congressional Research Service,

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SOURCE: http://www.law.corne...tml#amdt14a_hd1]

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1.2. Calling franchises “law”, when in fact they are PRIVATE law that does not apply generally to all. In other 15 words, confusing PRIVATE law with PUBLIC law. 16

"[l]aw . . . must be not a special rule for a particular person or a particular case, but. . .`the general law . . .' so `that every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property and immunities under the protection of the general

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rules which govern society. '"

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[Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 535-536 (1884)]

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Municipal law, thus understood, is properly defined to be "a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme

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power in a state, commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong."

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It is also called a rule to distinguish it from a compact or agreement; for a compact is a promise proceeding from us, law is a command directed to us . The language of a compact is, "I will, or will not, do this"; that of a law is, "thou shalt, or shalt not, do it." It is true there is an obligation which a compact carries with it, equal in point of conscience to that of a law; but then the original of the obligation is different. In compacts we ourselves determine and promise what shall be done, before we are obliged to do it; in laws. we are obliged to act without ourselves determining or promising anything at all. Upon these accounts law is defined to be "a

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rule."

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[Readings on the History and System of the Common Law, Second Edition, Roscoe Pound, 1925, p. 4]

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2. Write PRIVATE law franchises for government employees and officials that imposes a tax, duty, or obligation. 33 3. Mislead and confuse private employers in states of the Union into volunteering to become federal PUBLIC 34 instrumentalities, agents, and “public officers” in the process of implementing this private law that doesn’t apply to 35 them. See: 36 http://famguardian.org/Subjects/Taxes/Articles/IRSNotResponsible.htm 37 4. Offer BRIBES to otherwise PRIVATE people to entice them to sign up for the franchises and thereby illegally and 38 criminally impersonate a public officer: 39

“ The principle of democracy is corrupted not only when the spirit of equality is extinct [BECAUSE OF FRANCHISES!], but likewise when they fall into a spirit of extreme equality, and when each citizen would fain be upon a level with those whom he has chosen to command him. Then the people, incapable of bearing the very power they have delegated, want to manage everything themselves, to debate for the senate, to execute

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for the magistrate, and to decide for the judges.

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When this is the case, virtue can no longer subsist in the republic. The people are desirous of exercising the functions of the magistrates, who cease to be revered. The deliberations of the senate are slighted; all respect is then laid aside for the senators, and consequently for old age. If there is no more respect for old age, there will be none presently for parents; deference to husbands will be likewise thrown off, and submission to masters. This license will soon become general, and the trouble of command be as fatiguing as that of obedience. Wives, children, slaves will shake off all subjection. No longer will there be any such thing as manners, order, or

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virtue.

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We find in Xenophon's Banquet a very lively description of a republic in which the people abused their equality. Each guest gives in his turn the reason why he is satisfied. "Content I am," says Chamides, "because of my poverty. When I was rich, I was obliged to pay my court to informers, knowing I was more liable to be hurt by them than capable of doing them harm. The republic constantly demanded some new tax of me; and I could

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Requirement for Consent

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Copyright Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry, http://sedm.org Form 05.003, Rev. 7-23-2013

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