Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

215

CODE DE COMMERCE

COALITION

when clad in armor from one another. Wharton. COCKBILL. To place the yards of a ship at an angle with the deck. Fub. St. Mass. 1882, p. 1288. COCKET. In English law. A seal belong ing to the custom-house, or rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the offi cers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their merchandises are entered; likewise a sort of measure. Fleta, lib. 2, o. ix. COCKPIT. A name which used to be given to the judicial committee of the privy council, the council-room being built on the old cockpit of Whitehall Place. COCKSETUS. A boatman; a cockswain. Cowell. CODE. A collection or compendium of laws. A complete system of positive law, scientifically arranged, and promulgated by legislative authority. The collection of laws and constitutions made by order of the Emperor Justinian is distinguished by the appellation of "The Code," by way of eminence. See CODE OF JUSTINIAN. A body of law established by the legislative au thority, and intended to set forth, in generalized and systematic form, the principles of the entire law, whether written or unwritten, positive or cus tomary, derived from enactment or from prece dent. Abbott. A code is to be distinguished from a digest. The subject-matter of the latter is usually re ported decisions of the courts. But there are also digests of statutes. These consist of an or derly collection and classification of the exist ing statutes of a state or nation, while a code is promulgated as one new law covering the whole field of jurisprudence. CODE CIVIL. The code which embodies the civil law of France. Framed in the first instance by a commission of jurists appointed in 1800. This code, after having passed both the tribunate and the legislative body, was promulgated in 1804 as the "Code Civil des Francais." When Napoleon became em peror, the name was changed to that of "Code Napoleon," by which it is still often desig nated, though it is now officially styled by its original name of "Code Civil." CODE DE COMMERCE. A French code, enacted in 1807, as a supplement to the Code Napoleon, regulating commercial trans actions, the lawi of business, bankruptcies,

COALITION. In French law. An un lawful agreement among several persons not to do a thing except on some conditions agreed upon; particularly, industrial com binations, strikes, etc.; a conspiracy. CO-ASSIGNEE. One of two or more assignees of the same subject-matter. COAST. The edge or margin of a coun try bounding on the sea. It is held that the term includes small islands and reefs natu rally connected with the adjacent land, and rising above the surface of the water, al though their composition may not be suffi ciently firm and stable to admit of their be ing inhabited or fortified; but not shoals which are perpetually covered by the water. 5 C. Rob. Adm. 385c. This word is particularly appropriate to the edge of the sea, while "shore" may be used of the margins of inland waters. COAST-GUAED. In English law. A body of officers and men raised and equipped by the commissioners of the admiralty for the defense of the coasts of the realm, and for the more ready manning of the navy in case of war or sudden emergency, as well as for the protection of the revenue against smugglers. Mozley & Whitley. COASTING TRADE. In maritime law. Commerce and navigation between different places along the coast of the United States, as distinguished from commerce with ports in foreign countries. Commercial intercourse carried on between different districts in different states, different districts in the same state, or different places in the same district, on the sea-coast or on a navigable river. 3 Cow. 713; 1 Newb. Adm. 241. COASTWISE. Vessels "plying coast wise" are those which are engaged in the domestic trade, or plying between port and port in the United States, as contradistin guished from those engaged in the foreign trade, or plying between a port of the United States and a port of a foreign country. 10 CaL504. COAT ARMOR. Heraldic ensigns, in troduced by Uichard I. from the Holy Land, where they were first invented. Originally they were painted on the shields of the Chris tian knights who went to the Holy Land during the crusades, for the purpose of iden tifying them, some such contrivance being accessary in order to distinguish knights

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