Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

214

CLOSE

COAL NOTE

distinguished from those that are open or ' patent. CLOSE, ft. A portion of land, as a field, inclosed, as by a hedge, fence, or other visible inclosure. 3 Bl. Comni. 209. The interest of a person in any particular piece of ground, whether actually inclosed or not. 7 East, 207. The noun "close," in its legal sense, imports a portion of land inciosed, but not necessarily in closed by actual or visible barriers. The invisible, ideal boundary, founded on limit of title, which surrounds every man's land, constitutes it his close, irrespective of walls, fences, ditches, or the like. In practice. The word means termina tion; winding up. Thus the close of the pleadings is where the pleadings are finished, i. 0., when issue has been joined. CLOSE COPIES. Copies of legal docu ments which might be written closely or loosely at pleasure; as distinguished from office copies, which were to contain only a prescribed number of words on each sheet. CLOSE-HAULED. In admiralty law, this nautical term means the arrangement or trim of a vessel's sails when she endeavors to make a progress in the nearest direction pos sible towards that point of the compass from which the wind blows. But a vessel may be considered as close-hauled, although she is not quite so near to the wind as she could possibly lie. 6 El. & Bl. 771. CLOSE ROLLS. Rolls containing the record of the close writs (literce clausce) and grants of the king, kept with the public rec ords. 2 Bl. Comm. 346. CLOSE WRITS. In English law. Cer tain letters of the king, sealed with his great seal, and directed to particular persons and for particular purposes, which, not being proper for public inspection, are closed up and sealed on the outside, and are thence called " writs close." 2 Bl. Comm. 346; Sewell, Sheriffs, 872. Writs directed to the sheriff, instead of to the lord. 3 Reeve, Eng. Law, 45. CLOTURE. The procedure in delibera tive assemblies whereby debate is closed. In troduced in the English parliament in the session of 1882. CLOUD ON TITLE. An outstanding claim or incumbrance which, if valid, would affect or impair the title of the owner of a particular estate, and which apparently and on its face has that effect, but which can be

shown by extrinsic proof to be invalid or in* applicable to the estate in question. A con veyance, mortgage, judgment, tax-levy, etc., may all, in proper cases, constitute a cloud on title. CLOUGH. A valley. Also an allowance for the turn of the scale, on buying goods wholesale by weight. CLUB. A voluntary, unincorporated as sociation of persons for purposes of a social, literary, or political nature, or the like. A club is not a partnership. 2 Mees. & W. 172. The word "club" has no very definite meaning. Clubs are formed for all sorts of purposes, and there is no uniformity in their constitutions and rules. It is well known that clubs exist which limit the number of the members and select them with great care,which own considerable property in common, and in which the furnishing of food and drink to the members for money is but one of many conveniences which the members enjoy. 187 Mass. 567. CLUB-LAW. Rule of violence; regula tion by force; the law of arms. CLYPEUS, or CLIPEUS. In old En glish law. A shield; metaphorically one of a noble family. Clypei prostrati, noble families extinct. Mat. Paris, 463. CO. A prefix to words, meaning "with" or "in conjunction" or "joint;" «. g., co trustees, co-executors. COACH. Coach is a generic term. It it a kind of carriage, and is distinguished from other vehicles, chiefly, as being a covered box, hung on leathers, with four wheels. 9 Ohio, 12. COADJUTOR. An assistant, helper, or ally; particularly a person appointed to as sist a bishop who from age or infirmity is unable to perform his duty. Also an over seer, (coadjutor of an executor,) and one who disseises a person of land not to his own use, but to that of another. CO-ADMINISTRATOR. One who is a joint administrator with one or more others. COADUNATIO. A uniting or combin ing together of persons; a conspiracy. 9 Coke, 56. COAL NOTE. A species of promissory note, formerly in use in the port of London, containing the phrase "value received in coals." By the statute 3 Geo. II. c. 26, §§ 7, 8, these were to be protected and noted as inland bills of exchange. But this was re pealed by the statute 47 Geo. III. sess. 2, c. 68, §28.

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