Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

CHALLENGE, PRINCIPAL

CHAMP DE MARS

191

cause. Termes de la Ley; 4 Bl. Comm. 353; Co. Litt. 1566. CHALLENGE, PRINCIPAL. Such as is made for a cause which when substantiated is of itself sufficient evidence of bias in favor of or against the party challenging. Co. Litt. 1566. See 3 Bl. Comm. 363; 4 Bl. Comm. 353. CHALLENGE TO FIGHT. A sum mons or invitation, given by one person to another, to engage in a personal combat; a request to fight a duel. A criminal offense. See Steph. Crim. Dig. 40; 3 East, 581; 6 Blackf. 20. CHALLENGE TO THE ARRAY. An exception to the whole panel in which the jury are arrayed, or set in order by the sher iff in his return, upon account of partiality, or some default in the sheriff, coroner, or other officer who arrayed the panel or made the return. 3 Bl. Comm. 359; Co. Litt. 1556. CHALLENGE TO THE FAVOR. Is where the party has no principal challenge, but objects only some probable circumstances of suspicion, as acquaintance, and the like, the validity of which must be left to the de termination of triors, whose office it is to de cide whether the juror be favorable or un favorable. 3 Bl. Comm. 363; 4 Bl. Comm. 353. CHALLENGE TO THE POLL. A challenge made separately to an individual juror; as distinguished from a challenge to the array. CHAMBER. A room or apartment in a house. A private repository of money; a treasury. Sometimes used to designate a court, a commission, or an association of persons habitually meeting together in an apartment, e. g., the "star chamber," "cham ber of deputies," "chamber of commerce." CHAMBER OF ACCOUNTS. In French law. A sovereign court, of great an tiquity, in France, which took cognizance of and registered the accounts of the king's rev enue; nearly the same as the English court of exchequer. Enc. Brit. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. An association (which may or may not be incor porated) comprising the principal merchants, manufacturers, and traders of a city, designed for convenience in buying, selling, and ex changing goods, and to foster the commercial and industrial interests of the place.

CHAMBER, WIDOWS. A portion of the effects of a deceased person, reserved for the use of his widow, and consisting of her apparel, and the furniture of her bed-chamber, is called in London the "widow's chamber." 2 BL Comm. 518. CHAMBERDEKINS, or CHAMBER DEACONS. In old English law. Certain poor Irish scholars, clothed in mean habit, and living under no rule; also beggars ban ished from England. (1 Hen. Y. cc. 7, 8.) Wharton. CHAMBERLAIN. Keeper of the cham ber. Originally the chamberlain was the keeper of the treasure chamber (camera) of the prince or state; otherwise called "treas urer." Cowell. The name of several high officers of state in England, as the lord great chamberlain of England, lord chamberlain of the household, chamberlain of the exchequer. Co well; Blount. The word is also used in some American cities as the title of an officer corresponding to "treasurer." CHAMBERLARIA. Chamberlainship; the office of a chamberlain. Cowell. CHAMBERS. In practice. The pri vate room or office of a judge; any place in which a judge hears motions, signs papers, or does other business pertaining to his office, when he is not holding a session of court. Business so transacted is said to be done "in chambers." The term is also applied, in England, to the private office of a barrister. In international law. Portions of the sea cut off by lines drawn from one promon tory to another, or included within lines ex tending from the point of one cape to the next, situate on the sea-coast of the same na tion, and which are claimed by that nation as asylums for merchant vessels, and exempt from the operations of belligerents. CHAMBIUM. In old English law. Change, or exchange. Bract, fols. 117, 118. CHAMBRE DEPEINTE. A namean ciently given to St. Edward's chamber, called the "Painted Chamber," destroyed by fire with the houses of parliament. CHAMP DE MAI. (Lat. Campus Maii.) The field or assembly of May. The national assembly of the Franks, held in the month of May. CHAMP DE MARS. (Lat. Campus Martii.) The field or assembly of March.

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