The Encyclopedia of World Religions

506 S Index

J J. B. (Macleish) 445 Jacob 217, 218, 228, 244, 375 Jainism 228, 228–229 ahimsa 10 animals and religion 19 diet and religion 119–121 fasting 147 India 214 Lakshmi 262 Mahavira 272–273 monks and nuns 297, 298 pacifism 331 sangha 407 suicide and religion 432 Tantrism 438–440 Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi. See Rumi James 229–230 James, William 360 Japan, new religions in 230–232 humor and religion 210 Japanese religion 235 Konkokyo 256 Soka Gakkai 427 Tenrikyo 445 Japanese religion 232–235, 233 m

ordination 328 pacifism 331 prayer 348–349 prophecy 357 resurrection 387

Eucharist 138 Gnosticism 175 gospels 182–183 Grail 184 healing 194 incarnation 214 Islam 222 Jehovah’s Witnesses 235 Jerusalem 237 Lord’s Prayer 266 magi 271 Mary 280–281 Mary Magdalene 283 messiah 291 missionaries 295 New Testament 320 New Testament, apocryphal 322 Pharisees 343 resurrection 388 Thomas, gospel of 449–450 trinity 456 Unitarianism 458 virgin birth 467 Jesus Christ Superstar 283 “Jesus Only” movement 338 Jewish festivals 142, 240–242, 246 Jewish scriptures 51 t Jews. See Judaism jihad 167, 223, 241–242, 331, 472 jivanmukti 242, 483 Joan of Arc 242, 242–243, 312, 477 Job 116, 243–244, 408, 475, 476 John, gospel according to 21, 183, 281, 388 John Hyrcanus I (ruler of Judaea) 406 John of Capistrano 158 John of Patmos 321 John Paul II (pope) 281, 334

sacrifice 402 salvation 405 Satan 408 sin 425

theodicy 445 theology 447 war and religion 472

Judaism in America 247–248 judgment of the dead 248–249 Juergensmeyer, Mark 472 Jung, Carl Gustav 249, 249 archetype 29 dreams and religion 124

Gnosticism 175 goddesses 181 Mary, apparitions of 282 miracles 294 religion, study of 383 religion, theories of origin of 384 UFO religions 458

Juno 249–250 Jupiter 250 justification 250, 337

Buddhist festivals 68 dance and religion 111 Ise 219 Izanagi and Izanami 227 kingship and religion 255 Korean religion 257 Nichiren 324 polytheism 346, 347 Pure Land Buddhism 363 religion, study of 382 Shinto 421–422 Shinto festivals 422–423 Vajrayana Buddhism 463 Zen Buddhism 486

K Kaaba 251, 285–287, 405 kabbalah 53–54, 251–252, 265, 287, 327 Kabir 252 Kaddish 348–349 Kali 252–253, 373 Kalpa Sutra 272 kami 227, 232–234, 253, 421–423 Kane, P. V. 198 Kant, Immanuel 178 Kaplan, Mordecai 248 Kardec, Allan 61 Karenga, Maulana Ron 260–261 karma 253 afterlife in world religions 8 fasting 147 Jainism 229 reincarnation 377 sin 426 Theravada Buddhism 449 Tibetan religion 452 Kellogg, J. H. and W. K. 416 Kennedy, John F. 393, 395 Ketuvim 52, 414 Khalsa 175, 424 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah 41, 167, 345, 420 Kierkegaard, Søren 2, 179 Kimbangu, Simon 4, 338 King, George 457 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 253–255, 254 African-American Religions 6 Mohandas K. Gandhi 171 Bardo Thodol 48 eschatology 136 evil 140

John the Baptist 239 John XXIII (pope) 334 Jonah 244 Jones, Rufus 368

Jaspers, Karl 155 Jefferson, Thomas 458, 460 Jehovah’s Witnesses 235–236, 293

Joseph 124, 172, 239, 244–245 Josiah (king of Judah) 236, 237 Judah 112, 142, 218, 236–237, 293

Jenkins, Jerry 374 Jensen, Adolf 402 Jeremiah 106, 236–237 Jerusalem 237–238

Juda Halevy 245 Judaism 245–247

abortion and religion 1 afterlife in world religions 8 architecture 31 art 34 Bible 51–54 circumcision 95–96

Crusades 108 Jesus 239, 240 Judaism 245 Micah 293 mountains and religion 303 Nehemiah 317 Paul (apostle) 336 pilgrimage 343 Psalms 362

dance and religion 111 death and religion 114 devils and demons 116

diet and religion 120 Egyptian religion 133 evil 140 homosexuality and religion 208 Jesus 239 martyrdom 280 meditation 287 messiah 291–292 millenarianism 293 monotheism 299 music and religion 305, 306

Jesuits 234, 238, 376, 393 Jesus 238–240 Armenian Church 32 Bible 55 Christianity 84–85

cinema and religion 93–94 cross 107 Easter 128 epistles 135