The Encyclopedia of World Religions

504 S Index

H Hadith 189–190, 220, 223, 305, 419, 420 Hagar 1–2, 218, 287, 408 haiku 486, 487 Haile Selassie 6, 374 Haiti 469–470 Hajj. See Mecca, pilgrimage to al-Hakim 126 Hakuin 256, 486 halakhah 190, 246–247 al-Hallaj 408 Halloween 78, 190 Hamas 167, 190–191 Handel, Georg Friedrich 25 Han dynasty 82, 98, 101 Hanukkah 191, 191 Hanuman 191–192 Hare Krishnas 50, 306, 399. See also International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKON) Harner, Michael 417 Harris, Joel Chandler 456 Harris, William Wade 4 Harrison, Jane Ellen 148 Hasidism 43, 192–193, 245, 248, 252 Hathor 193 healing, religious 193–195 African religions 7

Freud, Sigmund 159–160 animism 18

Gimbutas, Marija 28, 147, 182 Gingrich, Newt 390 Girard, Rene 402 glossolalia. See speaking in tongues Gnosticism 174–175 apocalyptic literature 22, 23

Carl Gustav Jung 249 religion, study of 383 religion, theories of origin of 384 taboo 437 totemism 454 Fry, Daniel 457 functionalism 160–161, 276 fundamentalism 161–162, 411 fundamentalism, Christian 162–164 Baptist churches 46, 47 evolution and religion 141 Holiness movement 205 homosexuality and religion 208 Pentecostalism 338 Salvation Army 405–406 fundamentalism, Hindu 164–165, 202, 372 fundamentalism, Islamic 165–168, 221, 224 funeral 14, 391, 490 G Gabriel 16, 239, 251, 304 Gadhafi, Mu’ammar 167 games, play, and religion 169 Gandhi, Mohandas K. 169–171, 170 ahimsa 10 Bhagavad-Gita 50 caste in Hinduism 75 fasting 147 fundamentalism, Hindu 165 Hinduism 201 Jainism 229 Martin Luther King, Jr. 253, 254 pacifism 331, 332 Ganesa 171, 171, 294, 303, 334–335, 426 Ganges River 45, 114, 171–172, 343 Garden of Eden 172 Garvey, Marcus 6, 374 Geertz, Clifford 294 Genesis 172–173 Adam 2 Tower of Babel 43–44 cosmologies 104 dreams and religion 124 Eve 139 Christianity 85 cosmogony 105

Eve 139 evil 140 the Fall 145 Mary 281

nature and religion 316 New Testament 319–320

New Testament, apocryphal 322 occultism and esotericism 327 Thomas, gospel of 450 Gobind Singh 2–3, 175–176, 424 God 176–177 God, existence of 21, 26, 177–181, 355 goddesses 147, 181–182, 219–220, 262, 351, 356. See also specific goddesses, e.g. Venus Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 175 Golden Bough, The (Frazer) 3, 119, 158, 160 gospel, law vs. 268, 270 gospels 182–183, 320, 343 grace 183–184 baptism 45 Christianity 86 the Fall 145 Martin Luther 268 Lutheranism 270 Methodism 292 Church of the Nazarene 317 Paul (apostle) 337 Presbyterian and Reformed churches 352–353 Puritanism 365 Protestant Reformation 375 sin 425 John Wesley 474, 475 Graham, Billy 47, 139, 389, 390 Grail 184 Great Awakening 389. See also First Great Awakening; Second Great Awakening Great Britain 170, 201, 471–472 Great Schism 85, 86 m Greece, ancient 21, 197, 209, 381 Greek religion 184–188, 186 m . See also specific Greek gods, e.g.: Apollo drugs and religion 125 flood stories 151 heroes and hero myths 197 mystery religions 308 Orphism 328–329 politics and religion 344 sacrifice 401

Arctic religions 31–32 Christian Science 90 fire and religion 151 Jesus 239 miracles 294 shamanism 417–418

heaven 146, 195–196 Hedgewar, Keshav Baliram 164 hell 8, 196–197

Helwys, Thomas 46 Henry, Carl F. H. 139

Henry IV (Holy Roman emperor) 333–334 Henry VIII (king of England) 17, 74, 364, 376 heresy 89, 174–175, 197, 243 Hermes 197 Herod I (king of Judea) 237, 239 heroes and hero myths 197–198, 310–311 Herzl, Theodor 488 hijira 220, 304 Hildegard of Bingen 49 Hindu festivals 198–199, 199 Hinduism 199–202 afterlife in world religions 8–9 ancestor worship 14–15 angels 16–17 animals and religion 19 architecture 30 art 33–34 cosmologies 104 creation and world cycles 106, 107

the Fall 145 Joseph 244

myth and mythology 310 sexuality and religion 416 Torah 453 water and religion 473

Geneva, Switzerland 70–71 Gentilleschi, Artemisia 25 Gere, Richard 68 Germanic mythology 450, 480 Germany 205–207 Ghaffar Khan, Abdul 331 Ghost Dance 173 ghosts 173 Gilgamesh 151, 173–174, 290, 290

Gregory I (pope) 73, 283, 333, 393 Gregory VII (pope) 105, 333–334 Gross, Rita 148 Grünewald, Matthias 11 Guadalupe, Our Lady of 282 Gujarat 229, 334 gunas 188

dance and religion 111 death and religion 114 devils and demons 115 diet and religion 119, 120

drama 122–124 eschatology 136 faith 144

Gurdjieff, Georges 399 guru 2–3, 188, 203, 463