Requirement for Consent

Sixteenth Amendment Congressional Debates , Exhibit #02.007 http://sedm.org/Exhibits/ExhibitIndex.htm

An exhaustive review of other congressional documents during the ratification process yields no evidence that Congress 1 contemplated using the Sixteenth Amendment as a vehicle to place an unapportioned direct tax on the wages and salaries of 2 the American People. See: 3

The Law that Never Was , Bill Benson http://www.thelawthatneverwas.com/

An exhaustive review of law journal articles of the time produced no articles that indicated Congress or the American 4 People were contemplating a nonapportioned direct tax on the wages and salaries of the American People. No evidence was 5 found in the journals on political economy and economics. Nor was any such evidence discovered in an exhaustive search 6 of New York Times articles, which are all cataloged in yearbooks as the New York Times is a New York Times articles, 7 which are all cataloged in yearbooks as the New York Times is a “newspaper of record.” 8 As there is no evidence that can be found anywhere indicating that the American People sought to place an unapportioned 9 direct tax on their wages and salaries, we can conclude that the American People never consented to the very tax that the 10 Commissioner is attempting to collect in the instant case [Hart v. Commissioner]. 11 The entire weight of evidence as to the purpose of the Sixteenth Amendment indicates that its objective was to place 12 income taxes on net income from unincorporated business and investment into the classification of indirect taxes. Pollock 13 was overturned by the 16th Amendment. No more and no less. The purpose of the Sixteenth Amendment was to shift the 14 tax burden off of consumption and onto incomes from the accumulated wealth of the country such as to bring tax relief to 15 wage earners. 16 Since the signing of Magna Carta 800 years ago, it has been a well-established principle of self-government among the 17 English speaking people that the people must consent to their taxes. According to author R.L. Perry in Sources of Our 18 Liberties: 19

“The liberties of the American citizen depend upon the existence of established and known rules of law limiting the authority and discretion of men wielding the power of government. Magna Carta announced the rule of law; this was its great contribution. It is this characteristic which has provided throughout the years the foundation on which has come to rest the entire structure of Anglo-American constitutional liberties.” supra at 1.

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[Sources of Our Liberties, R.L. Perry]

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That Magna Carta and all subsequent documents that secured our liberties are relevant to the American Citizen today is 25 borne out by the fact that the single monument on the meadow of Runnymede, between Windsor and Staines, 26 commemorating Magna Carta was designed, paid for and erected by the American Bar Association (A.B.A.). The American 27 People never consented to this unapportioned direct tax on their wages and salaries. Therefore the Commissioner is wholly 28 without any delegated authority whatsoever to collect such a tax within the several union states. This is also proven 29 extensively in the following memorandum of law: 30

Federal Enforcement Authority within States of the Union , Form #05.032 \http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm

10.7 Administrative methods to eliminate or avoid or hide the requirement for “consent” 68 31

"Good intentions will always be pleaded for every assumption of authority. It is hardly too strong to say that the Constitution was made to guard the people against the dangers of good intentions. There are men in all ages who mean to govern well, but they mean to govern . They promise to be good masters, but they mean to be

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masters ."

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[Noah Webster]

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Earlier in section 1, we showed how all just government authority derives from the “consent” of the governed, starting with 37 the Declaration of Independence on down. The implication of this requirement of law is that all good governments and the 38

68 Adapted from Great IRS Hoax , Form #11.302, Section 4.3.16 with permission: http://famguardian.org/Publications/GreatIRSHoax/GreatIRSHoax.htm.

Requirement for Consent

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Copyright Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry, http://sedm.org Form 05.003, Rev. 7-23-2013

EXHIBIT:________