Opening the Gates of Heaven Perry Stone

myrrh. Next is onycha , which may have been some form of shellfish taken from the depths of the Red Sea. It was rare and costly. The third was galbanum and was derived from a sap or gum that came from a broken shrub in the highlands of Syria. It had a disagreeable odor and was used to drive away insects and reptiles. Fourth was frankincense , which was a sap that flowed from a particular tree pierced at night. 3 The Institute says that salt was added to preserve the quality of the spices. The other seven ingredients have been passed down by oral tradition in the Talmud and the Siddur. The eleven spices used are shown in the table below:

The English Word The Hebrew Word Balsam Ha’tzri Onycha Ha’tziporen Galbanum Ha’chelbenah Frankincense Ha’levonah Myrrh Mor Cassia Ketziyah Spikenard Shibolet nerd Saffron Kharkom