KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

911

POLITICAL

POLYGAMY

regulation of its resources, and productive prop erty and labor. Wharton.—Political law. That branch of jurisprudence which treats of the science of politics, or the organization and administration of government.—Political lib erty. See LIBERTY.—Political offenses. As a designation of a class of crimes usually ex cepted from extradition treaties, this term de notes crimes which are incidental to and form a part of political disturbances; but it mi?ht also be understood to include offenses consist ing in an attack upon the political order of things established in the country where com mitted, and even to include offenses committed to obtain any political object. 2 Steph. Crim. Law, 70.—Political office. See OFFICE.— Political questions. Questions of which the courts of justice will refuse to take cognizance, or to decide, on account of their purely political character, or because their determination would involve an encroachment upon the executive or legislative powers; e. g., what sort of govern ment exists in a state, whether peace or war exists, whether a foreign country has become an independent state, etc. Luther v. Borden, 7 How. 1, 12 L. Ed. 581; Kenneth v. Chambers, 14 How. 38, 14 L. Ed. 316; U. S. v. 129 Pack ages, Fed. Cas. No. 15,941.—Political rights. Those which may be exercised in the formation or administration of the government. People •. Morgan, 90 111. 563. Rights of citizens es tablished or recognized by constitutions which give them the power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administra tion of government. People v. Barrett, 203 111. 99, 67 N. B. 742, 96 Am. St. Rep. 296; People v. Washington, 36 Cal. 662; Winnett v. Adams, 71 Neb. 817, 99 N. W. 684. POLITICS. The science of government; the art or practice of administering public affairs. POUTT. The form of government; civ il constitution. POLL, v. In practice. To single out, one by one, of a number of persons. To examine each juror separately, after a verdict has been given, as to his concurrence in the ver dict 1 Burrill, Pr. 238. POLL, n. A head; an individual person; a register of persons. In the law of elec tions, a list or register of heads or individ uals who may vote in an election; the ag gregate of those who actually cast their votes at the election, excluding those who stay away. De Soto Parish v. Williams, 49 La. Ann. 422, 21 South. 647, 37 L. R. A. 761. See, •also, POLLS. POLL, adj. Cut or shaved smooth or •even; cut in a straight line without indenta tion. A term anciently applied to a deed, -and still used, though with little of its for mer significance. 2 Bl. Comm. 296. POLL-MONEY. A tax ordained by act of parliament, (18 Car. II. c. 1,) by which every subject in the kingdom was assessed by the head or poll, according to his degree. Oowell. A similar personal tribute was more anciently termed "poll-silver." POLL-TAX. A capitation tax; a tax of « specific sum levied upon each person with

in the jurisdiction of the taxing power and within a certain class (as, all males of a cer tain age, etc.) without reference to his prop erty or lack of it, See Southern Ry. Co. v. St Clair County, 124 Ala. 491, 27 South. 23; Short v. State, 80 Md. 392, 31 Atl. 322, 29 L. R. A. 404; People v. Ames, 24 Colo. 422, 51 Pac. 426. POLLARDS. A foreign coin of base met al, prohibited by St. 27 Edw. I. c. 3, from being brought into the realm, on pain of for feiture of life and goods. 4 Bl. Comm. 98. It was computed at two pollards for a ster ling or penny. Dyer, 826. POLLENGERS. Trees which have been lopped; distinguished from timber-trees. Plowd. 649. POLLICITATION. In the civil law. An offer not yet accepted by the person to whom It is made. Langd. Cont § 1. SeeMcCul loch v. Eagle Ins. Co., 1 Pick. (Mass.)'283. POLLIGAR, POLYGAE. In Hindu law. The head of a village or district; also a mili tary chieftain in the peninsula, answering to -a hill zemindar in the northern drears. Wharton. POLLING THE JURY. To poll a jury Is to require that each juror shall himself declare what is his verdict POLLS. The place where electors cast in their votes. Heads; Individuals; persons singly consid ered. A challenge to the polls (in capita) is a challenge to the Individual jurors compos ing the panel, or an exception to one or more particular jurors. 3 Bl. Comm. 358, 361. POLYANDRY. The civil condition of having more husbands than one to the same woman; a social order permitting plurality of husbands. Polygamla est plurium sinvnl virorum nzoramva connu'bium. 3 Inst. 88. Po lygamy Is the marriage with many husbands or wives at one time. POLYGAMY. In criminal law. The of fense of having several wives or husbands at the same time, or more than one wife or hus band at the same time. 3 Inst. 88. And see Reynolds v. U. S., 98 U. S. 145, 25 L. Ed. 244. The offense committed by a layman in marrying while a'ny previous wife is living and undivorced; as distinguished from big amy In the sense of a breach of ecclesiastical law involved In any second marriage by a clerk. Polygamy, or bigamy, shall consist in knowingly having a plurality of husbands or