KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

PLUS VALET CONSUETUDO

907

PLOW-LAND

number of votes than those cast for all his competitors combined. In ecclesiastical law, "plurality" means the holding two, three, or more benefices by the same incumbent; and he is called a "plural ist." Pluralities are now abolished, except in certain cases. 2 Steph. Comm. 691, 692. Plures cohseredes sunt quasi unum corpus propter unitatem juris quod ha bent. Co. Litt. 163. Several co-heirs are, as it were, one body, by reason of the unity of right which they possess. Plures participes suut quasi unum cor pus, in eo quod unum jus habent. Co. Litt. 164. Several parceners are as one body, in that they have one right. PLURIES. Lat Often; frequently. When an original and alias writ have been issued and proved ineffectual, a third writ called a "pluries writ" may frequently ba issued. It is to the same effect as the two former, except that it contains the words,, "as we have often commanded you," ("sicut pluries prwcepimus") after the usual com mencement, "We command you." 3 Bl. Comm. 283; Archb. Pr. 585. PLURIS PETITIO. Lat In Scotch practice. A demand of more than is due. Bell. Plus exempla quam peccata nocent. Examples hurt more than crimes. Plus peccat author quam actor. The originator or instigator of a crime is a worse offender than the actual perpetrator of it 5 Coke, 99a. Applied to the crime of suborna tion of perjury. Id. PLUS PETITIO. In Roman law. A phrase denoting the offense of claiming more than was just in one's pleadings. This more might be claimed in four different respects, viz.: (1) Re, i. e., in amount (e. g., £50 for £5;) (2) loco, i. e., in place, (e. g„ delivery at some place more difficult to effect than the place specified;) (3) tempore, i. e., in time, (e. g., claiming payment on the 1st of Au gust of what is not due till the 1st of Septem ber;) and (4) causa, i. e., in quality, (e. g. t claiming a dozen of champagne, wjien the con tract was only for a dozen of wine generally.) Prior to Justinian's time, this offense was in general fatal to the action; but, under the legislation of the emperors Zeno and Justin ian, the offense (if re, loco, or causa) exposed the party to the payment of three times the damage, if any, sustained by the other side, and (if tempore) obliged him to postpone his action for double the time, and to pay the costs of his first action before commencing a second. Brown. Plus valet consuetudo quam concessio. Custom is more powerful than grant

PLOW-LAND. A quantity of land "not of any certain content, but as much as a plow can, by course of husbandry, plow in a year." Co. Litt 69a. PLOW-MONDAY. The Monday after twelfth-day. PLOW-SILVER. Money formerly paid by some tenants, in lieu of service to plow the lord's lands. PLUMBATURA. Lat In the civil law. Soldering. Dig. 6, 1, 23, 5. PLUNDER, v. The most common mean ing of the term "to plunder" is to take prop erty from persons or places by open force, and this may be in course of a lawful war, or by unlawful hostility, as in the case of pi rates or banditti. But in another and very common meaning, though in some degree fig urative, it is used to express the idea of taking property from a person or place, with out just right, but not expressing the nature or quality of the wrong done. Carter v. An drews, 16 Pick. (Mass.) 9; U. S. v. Stone (G. C.) 8 Fed. 246; U. S. v. Pitman, 27 Fed. Cas. 540. PLUNDER, n. Personal property belong ing to an enemy, captured and appropriated on land; booty. Also the act of seizing such property. See BOOTT; PRIZE. PLUNDERAGE. In maritime law. The embezzlement of goods on board of a ship is so called. PLURAL. Containing more than one; consisting of or designating two or more. Webster. —Plural marriage. See MABBIAGK. Pluralis Humerus est duobus conten tus. 1 Rolle, 476. The plural number is satisfied by two. PLURALIST. One that holds more than one ecclesiastical benefice, with cure of souls. PLURALITER. In the plural. 10 East, 158, arg. PLURALITY. In the law of elections. The excess of the votes cast for one candi date over those cast for any other. Where there are only two candidates, he who re ceives the greater number of the votes cast is said to have a majority; when there are more than two competitors for the same of fice, the person who receives the greatest number of votes has a plurality, but he has not a majority unless he receives a greater PLUMBUM. Lat In the civil law. Lead. Dig. 60, 16, 242, 2.