KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

872

PARES

PARCEL

gences, and sold tljem to any who would buy them. PARENS. Lat In Roman law. A par ent ; originally and properly only the father or mother of the person spoken of; but also, by an extension of its meaning, any relative, male or female, in the line of direct ascent. —Parens patriae. Parent of the country. In England, the king. In the United States, the state, as a sovereign, is the parent patriae. "Parens" est nomen generale ad omne genns cognationis. Co. Litt 80. "Parent" is a name general for every kind of rela tionship. The lawful father or the mother of a person. Appeal of Gibson, 154 Mass. 378, 28 N. E. 296. This word is dis tinguished from "ancestors" in including only the immediate progenitors of the per son, while the latter embraces his more re mote relatives in the ascending line. PARENTELA, or de parentela se tollere, in old English law, signified'a renunciation of one's kindred,and family. This was, ac cording to ancient custom, done in open court, before the judge, and in the presence of twelve men, who made oath that they believed it was done for a just cause. We read of it in the laws of Henry I. After such abjuration, the person was incapable of inheriting anything from any of his re lations, etc. Enc. Lond. Part of a sentence occurring in the middle thereof, and inclosed between marks like ( ), the omission of which part would not injure the grammatical construction of the rest of the sentence. Wharton; In re Schilling, 53 Fed. 81, 3 a a A. 440. PARENTICIDE. One who murders a parent; also the crime so committed. Parentum est liberos alere etiam no thos. It is the duty of parents to support their children even when illegitimate. Lofft, 222. PARERGON. One work executed in the Intervals of another; a subordinate task. Particularly, the name of a work on the Canons, in great repute, by Ayliffe. P ARE S . Lat A person's peers or equals; as the jury for the trial of causes, who were originally the vassals or tenants of the lord, being the equals or peers of the parties litigant; and, as the lord's vas sals judged each other in the lord's courts, so the sovereign's vassals, or the lords them selves, judged each other in the sovereign's courts. 3 Bl. Comm. 349. —•Pares curiae. Peers of the court. Vassals who were bound to attend the lord's court.— Pares regni. Peers of the realm. Spelman. PARENT. PARENTHESIS.

boundaries thereof, in order to its easy identi fication.—Parcels, bill of. An account of the items composing a parcel or package of goods, transmitted with them to the purchaser.

PARCELLA TERRJ!. A parcel of land.

PARCENARY. The state or condition of holding title to lands jointly by parceners or co-parceners, before a division of the joint estate. A joint heir; one who, with others, holds an estate in co-parcenary, (Q- v.) PARCHMENT. Sheep-skins dressed for writing, so called from Pergamm, Asia Min or, where they were invented. Used for deeds, and used for writs of summons in England previous to the judicature act, 1875. Wharton. PARCO FRACTO. Pound-breach; also the name of an old English writ against one chargeable with pound-breach. PARDON. An act of grace, proceeding from the power intrusted with the execution of the laws, which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed from the punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has com mitted. U. S. v. Wilson, 7 Pet. 160, 8 L. Ed. 640; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall. 380, 18 L. Ed. 366; Moore v. State, 43 N. J. Law, 241, 39 Am. Rep. 558; Rich v. Chamberlain, 104 Mich. 436, 62 N. W. 584, 27 L. R. A. 573; Edwards v. Com., 78 Va. 39, 49 Am. Rep. 377. "Pardon" is to be distinguished from "amnes ty." The former applies only to the individual, releases him from the punishment fixed by law for his specific offense, but does not affect the criminality of the same or similar acts when performed by other persons or repeated by the same person. The latter term denotes an act of grace, extended by the government to all per sons who may come within its terms, and which obliterates the criminality of past acts done, and declares that they shall not be treated as pun ishable. —Conditional pardon. A conditional pardon is one granted on the condition that it shall only endure until the voluntary doing of some act by the person pardoned, or that it shall be revoked by a subsequent act on his part, as, that he shall leave the state and never return. Ex parte Janes, 1 Nev. 319; State v. Wolfer, 53 Minn. 135, 54 N. W. 1065, 19 L. R. A. 783, 39 Am. St. Rep. 582; State v. Barnes, 32 S. C. 14, 10 S. E. 611, 6 L. R. A. 743, 17 Am. St. Rep. 832; People v. Burns, 77 Hun, 92, 28 N. Y. Supp. 300.—General pardon. One granted to all the persons participating in a given criminal or treasonable offense (general ly political), or to all offenders of a given class or against a certain statute or within certain limits of time. But "amnesty" is the more appropriate term for this. PARDONERS. In old English law. Per sons who carried about the pope's indul PARCENER. PARCUS. A park, (g. v.) A pound for stray cattle. Spelman.