KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

MUNICEPS

798

MUNITIONS OF WAR

MUNICEPS. A provincial person; a countryman. This was the designation of one born in the provinces or in a city politically connected with Rome, and who, having become a Roman citizen, was entitled to hold any offices at Rome ex cept some of the highest. In the provinces the term seems to have been applied to the freemen of any city who were eligible to the municipal offices. Calvin. "Municipal" signifies that which belongs to a corporation or a city. The term includes the rules or laws by which a particular district, community, or nation is governed. It may also mean local, par ticular, independent. Horton y. Mobile School Com'rs, 43 Ala. 598. "Municipal," in one of its meanings, is used in opposition to "international," and denotes that which pertains or belongs properly to an in dividual state or separate community, as distin guished from that which is common to, or ob served between, all nations. Thus, piracy is an "international offense," and is denounced by "international law," but smuggling is a "munic ipal offense," and cognizable by "municipal law." — Municipal aid. A contribution or assist ance granted by a municipal corporation to wards the execution or progress of some enter prise; undertaken by private parties, but likely to be of benefit to the municipality; e. g., a railroad.— Municipal bonds. Negotiable bonds issued by a municipal corporation, to secure its indebtedness. Austin v. Nalle, 85 Tex. 520, 22 S. W. 668; Howard v. Kiowa County (C. C) 73 Fed. 406.— Municipal claims. In Penn sylvania law. Claims filed by a city against property owners therein, for taxes, rates, levies, or assessments for local improvements, such as the cost of grading, paving, or curbing the streets, or removing nuisances.— Municipal corporation. See that title infra. — Munic ipal courts. In the judicial organization of several states, courts are established under this name, whose territorial authority is confined to tie city or community in which they are erect ed. Such courts usually have a criminal juris diction corresponding to that of a police court, and, in some cases, possess civil jurisdiction in small causes.— Municipal law, in contradis tinction to international law, is the law of an individual state or nation. It is the rule or law by which a particular district, community, or nation is governed. 1 Bl. Coma 44. That which pertains solely to the citizens and in habitants of a state, and is thus distinguished from political law, commercial law, and the law of nations. Wharton. And see Winspear v. Holman District Tp., 37 Iowa, 544; Root v. Erdelmyer, Wils. (Ind.) 99; Cook v. Portland, 20 Or. 580, 27 Pac. 263, 13 L. R. A. 533.— Municipal lien. A lien or claim existing in favor of a municipal corporation against a prop erty owner for his proportionate share of a pub lic improvement, made by the municipality, whereby his property is specially and individual ly benefited.— Municipal officer. An officer belonging to a municipality; that is, a city, town, or borough — Municipal ordinance. A law, rule, or ordinance enacted or adopted by a municipal corporation. Rutherford v. Swink, 96 Tenn. 564, 35 S. W. 554.— Municipal se curities. The evidences of indebtedness is sued by cities, towns, counties, townships, school-districts, and other such territorial divi sions of a state. They are of two general class es: (1) Municipal warrants, orders, or certif icates; (2) municipal negotiable bonds. 35 Amer. & Eng. Enc. Law, 1206 —Municipal -warrants. A municipal warrant or order is Lat In Koman law. MUNICIPAL.

an instrument, generally in the form of a bill of exchange, drawn by an officer of a municipal ity upon its treasurer, directing him to pay an amount of money specified therein to the person named or his order, or to bearer. 15 Amer. & Eng. Enc. Law, 1206. A pub lic corporation, created by government for political purposes, and having subordinate and local powers of legislation; e. g., a coun ty, town, city, etc. 2 Kent, Comm. 275. An incorporation of persons, inhabitants of a particular place, or connected with a particular district, enabling them to con duct its local civil government. Glov. Mun. Corp. 1. In English law. A body of persons in a town having the powers of acting as one person, of holding and transmitting property, and of regulating the government of the town. Such corporations existed in the chief towns of England (as of other countries) from very early times, deriving their author ity from "incorporating" charters granted by the crown. Wharton. —Municipal corporations act. In English law. A general statute, (5 & 6 Wm. IV. c. 76,) passed in 1835, prescribing general regulations for the incorporation and government of bor oughs.— Quasi municipal corporations. Public corporations organized for governmental purposes and having for most purposes the status and powers of municipal corporations (such as counties, townships, and school dis tricts), but not municipal corporations proper, such as cities and incorporated towns. See Snider v. St. Paul, 51 Minn. 466, 53 N. W. 763, 18 L. R. A. 151. A municipal corpo ration; a city, town, borough, or incorporat ed village. Also the body of officers, taken collectively, belonging to a city. MUNICIPIUM. In Roman law. A for eign town to which the freedom of the city of Rome was granted, and- whose inhabitants had the privilege of enjoying offices and honors there; a free town. Adams, Rom. Ant. 47, 77. MUNIMENTS. The instruments of writing and written evidences which the owner of lands, possessions, or inheritances has, by which he is enabled to defend the title of his estate. Termes de la Ley; 3 Inst. 170. MUNIMENT-HOUSE, or MUNIMENT ROOM. A house or room of strength, in cathedrals, collegiate churches, castles, col leges, public buildings, etc., purposely made for keeping deeds, charters, writings, etc. 3 Inst. 170. MUNITIONS OF WAR. In interna tional law and United States statutes, this term includes not only ordnance, ammuni tion, and other material directly useful is the conduct of a war, but also whatever may contribute to its successful maintenance, MUNICIPAL CORPORATION. MUNICIPALITY.