KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

518

FR.

FOSSATUM

guardian, its relatives being unknown. It has a settlement in the district where found. —Foundling hospitals. Charitable institu tions which exist in most countries for taking care of infants forsaken by their parents, sucfi being generally the offspring of illegal connec tions. The foundling hospital act in England is the 13 Geo. II. c 29. FOUR. Fr. In old French law. An oven or bake-house. Four banal, an oven, owned by the seignior of the estate, to which the tenants were obliged to bring their bread for baking. Also the proprietary right to main tain such an oven. FOUR CORNERS. The face of a writ ten instrument. That which is contained on the face of a deed (without any aid from the knowledge of the circumstances under which it is made) is said to be within its four cor ners, because every deed is still supposed to be written on one entire skin, and so to have but four corners. To look at the four corners of an instru ment is to examine the whole of it, so as to construe it as a whole, without reference to any one part more than another. 2 Smith, Lead. Cas. 295. FOUR SEAS. The seas surrounding Eng land. These were divided into the Western, including the Scotch and Irish; the North ern, or North sea; the Eastern, being the German ocean; the Southern, being th« British channel. FOURCHER. Fr. To fork. This was a method of delaying an action anciently re sorted to by defendants when two of them were joined in the suit Instead of appear ing together, each would appear in turn and cast an essoin for the other, thus postponing the trial. FOURIERISM. A form of socialism. See 1 Mill, Pol. Ec. 260. FOWLS OF WARREN. Such fowls as are preserved under the game laws in war rens. According to Manwood, these are partridges and pheasants. According to Coke, they are partridges, rails, quails, wood cocks, pheasants, mallards, and herons. Co. Litt. 233. FOX'S LIBEL ACT. In English law. This was the statute 52 Geo. III. c. 60, which secured to juries, upon the trial of indict ments for libel, the right of pronouncing a general verdict of guilty or not guilty upon the whole matter in issue, and no longer bound them to find a verdict of guilty on proof of the publication of the paper charged to be a libel, and of the sense ascribed to it in the indictment. Wharton. FOY. L. Fr. Faith; allegiance; fidelity. FR. A Latin abbreviation for "fragmen tum," a fragment, used In citations to the

the ditches round a city or town, for which some paid a contribution, called "fossagium." Oowell. FOSSATUM. A dyke, ditch, or trench; a place inclosed by a ditch ; a moat; a canal. FOSSE-WAT, or FOSSE. One of the four ancient Roman ways through England. Spelman. FOSSELLUM. A small ditch. Cowell. FOSTERING. An ancient custom in Ire land, in which persons put >away their chil dren to fosterers. Fostering was held to be a stronger alliance than blood, and the foster children participated in the fortunes of their foster fathers. Mozley & Whitley. FOSTERIiAND. Land given, assigned, or allotted to the finding of food or victuals for any person or persons; as in monasteries for the monks, etc. Cowell; Blount. FOSTERLEAN. The remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also the jointure of a wife. Jacob. FOUJDAR. In Hindu law. Under the Mogul government a magistrate of the police over a large district, who took cognizance of all criminal matters within his jurisdiction, and sometimes was employed as receiver gen eral of the revenues. Wharton. —Foiijdarry court. In Hindu law. A tri bunal for administering criminal law. FOUNDATION. The founding or build ing of a college or hospital. The incorpora tion or endowment of a college or hospital is the foundation; and he who endows it with land or other property is the founder. Dart mouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat.-667, 4 L. Ed. 629; Seagrave's Appeal, 125 Pa. 362, 17 Atl. 412; Union Baptist Ass'n v. Hunn, 7 Tex. Civ. App. 249, 26 S. W. 755. FOUNDED. Based upon; arising from, growing out of, or resting upon; as in the expressions "founded in fraud," "founded on a consideration," "founded on contract," and the like. See In re Grant Shoe Co,, 130 Fed. 881, 66 C. C. A. 78; State v. Morgan, 40 Conn. 46; Palmer v. Preston, 45 Vt. 158, 12 Am. Rep. 191; Steele v. Hoe, 14 Adol. & El. 431; In re Morales (D. C.) 105 Fed. 761. FOUNDER. The person who endows an eleemosynary corporation or institution, or supplies the funds for its establishment. See FOUNDATION. FOUNDEROSA. Founderous; out of re pair, as a road. Cro. Car. 366. FOUNDLING. A deserted or exposed in fant; a child found without a parent or