KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

301

CROPPER

CRIMINAL

CRIMINALITER. Criminally. This term is used, in distinction or opposi tion to the word "civiliter," civilly, to dis tinguish a criminal liability or prosecution from a civil one. To charge one with crime; to furnish ground for a criminal prosecution; to expose a person to a crim inal charge. A witness cannot be compelled to answer any question which has a tend ency to crinvinate him. Stewart v. John son, 18 N. J. Law, 87; Kendrick v. Comm., 78 Va. 490. CRIMP. One who decoys and plunders sailors under cover of harboring them. Wharton. La t CRIMINATE. CROCIARIUS. A cross-bearer, who went before the prelate. Wharton. CROCKARDS, CROCARDS. A foreign coin of base metal, prohibited by statute 27 Edw. I. St. 3, from being brought into the realm. 4 Bl. Comm. 98; Crabb, Eng. Law, 176. CROFT. A little close adjoining a dwell ing-house, and inclosed for pasture and till age or any particular use. Jacob. A small place fenced off in which to keep farm-cat tle. Spelman. The word is now entirely ob solete. CROISES. Pilgrims; so called as wear ing the sign of the cross on their upper gar ments. Britt. c. 122. The knights of the order of St. John of Jerusalem, created for the defense of the pilgrims. Cowell; Blount. CROP. The products of the harvest In corn or grain. Emblements. Insurance Co. v. Dehaven (Pa.) 5 Atl. 65; Goodrich v. Stevens, 5 Lans. (N. T.) 230. CROPPER. One who, having no inter est In the land, works it in consideration of receiving a portion of the crop for his labor. Fry v. Jones, 2 Rawle (Pa.) 11; Wood v. Garrison (Ky.) 62 S. W. 728; Steel v. Frick, 56 Pa. 172. The difference between a tenant and a crop per is: A tenant has an estate in the land for the term, and, consequently, he has a right of property in the crops. Until division, the right of property and of possession in the whole is the tenant's. A cropper has no estate in the land; and, although he has in some sense the possession of the crop, it is the possession of a servant only, and is, in law, that of the land lord, who must divide off to the cropper his share. Harrison v. Ricks. 71 N. C. 7. CRO, CROO. In old Scotch law. A weregild. A composition, satisfaction, or assythment for the slaughter of a man. CROCIA. The crosier, or pastoral staff. CROITEIR. A crofter; one holding a croft.

Code Cal. § 683. A criminal action is (1) an action prosecuted by the state as a party, against a person charged with a public offense, for the punishment thereof; (2) an action prose cuted by the state, at the instance of an individ ual, to prevent an apprehended crime, against his person or property. Code N. C. 1883, § 129. State T. Railroad Co. (C. C.) 37 Fed. 497, 3 L. R. A. 554; Ames v. Kansas, 111 U. S. 449, 4 Sup. Ot. 437. 28 L. Ed. 482; State v. Costello, 61 Conn. 497, 23 Atl. 868.—Criminal case. An action, suit, or cause instituted to punish an infraction of the criminal laws. State v. Smalls, 11 S. C. 279; Adams v. Ashby, 2 Bibb. (Ky.) 97; U. S. v. Three Tons of Coal, 28 Fed. Cas. 149; People v. Iron Co.. 201 111. 236, 66 N. E. 349.—Criminal charge. An accusation of crime, formulated in a written, complaint, information, or indictment, and tak ing shape in a prosecution. U. S. v. Patterson, 150 U. S. 65, 14 Sup. Ct. 20, 37 L Ed. 999; Eason v. State, 11 Ark. 482.—Criminal con versation. Adultery, considered in its aspect of a civil injury to the husband entitling him to damages; the tort of debauching or seducing of a wife. Often abbreviated to crim. con.— Criminal intent. The intent to commit a crime; malice, as evidenced by a criminal act; an intent to deprive or defraud the true owner of his property. People v. Moore, 3 N. Y. Cr. R. 458.—Criminal law. That branch or di vision of law which treats of crimes and their punishments. In the plural—"criminal laws" —the term may denote the laws which define and { >rohibit the various species of crimes and estab ish their punishments. U. S. v. Reisinger, 128 U. S. 398, 9 Sup. Ot. 99, 32 L. Ed. 480.— Criminal law amendment act. This act was passed in 1871, (34 & 35 Vict. c. 32,) to prevent and punish any violence, threats, or molestation, on the part either of master or workmen, in the various relations arising be tween them. 4 Steph. Comm 241.—Criminal law consolidation acts. The statutes 24 & 25 Vict. cc. 94-100, passed in 1861, for the con solidation of the criminal law of England and Ireland. 4 Steph. Comm. 297. These impor tant statutes amount to a codification of the modern criminal law of England.—Criminal letters. In Scotch law. A process used as the commencement of a criminal proceeding, in the nature of a summons issued by the lord ad vocate or his deputy. It resembles a criminal information at common law.—Criminal pro ceeding. One instituted and conducted for the purpose either of preventing the commis sion of crime, or for fixing the guilt of a crime already committed and punishing the offender; as distinguished from a "civil" proceeding, which is for the redress of a private injury. U. S. v. Lee Huen (D. C.) 118 Fed. 442; Sev ier v. Washington County Justices, Peck (Tenn.) 334; People v. Ontario County, 4 Denio (N. T.) 260.—Criminal procedure. The method pointed out by law for the apprehen sion, trial, or prosecution, and fixing the pun ishment, of those persons who have broken or violated, or are supposed to have broken or violated, the laws prescribed for the regulation of the conduct of the people of the community, and who have thereby laid themselves liable to fine or imprisonment or other punishment. 4 Amer. & Etog. Enc. Law, 730.—Criminal pro cess. Process which issues to compel a per son to answer for a crime or misdemeanor. Ward v. Lewis, 1 Stew. (Ala.) 27.—Criminal prosecution. An action or proceeding insti tuted in a proper court on behalf of the pub lic, for the purpose of securing the conviction and punishment of one accused of crime. Har ger v. Thomas, 44 Pa. 128, 84 Am. Dec. 422; Ely v. Thompson, 3 A. K. Marsh. (Ky.) 70. As to criminal "Conspiracy," "Contempt," "Information," "Jurisdiction," "Libel," "Neg ligence," "Operation," see those titles.