KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

COURT OF THE STEWARD

292

COUSIN

COURT OF WARDS AND LIVERIES. A court of record, established in England in the reign of Henry VIII. For the sur vey and management of the valuable fruits of tenure, a court of record was created by St 32 Hen. VIII. c. 46, called the "Court of the King's Wards." To this was annexed, by St. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 22, the "Court of Liveries;" so that it then became the "Court of Wards and Liveries." 4 Reeve, Eng. Law, 258. This court was not only for the management of "wards," properly so called, but also of idiots and natural fools in the king's custody, and for licenses to be grant ed to the king's widows to marry, and fines to be made for marrying without his license. Id. 259. It was abolished by St 12 Car. II. c. 24. Crabb, Eng. Law, 468. COURTS OF WESTMINSTER HALL. The superior courts, both of law and equity, were for centuries fixed at Westminster, an ancient palace of the monarchs of England. Formerly, all the superior courts were held before the king's capital justiciary of Eng land, in the aula regis, or such of his palaces wherein his royal person resided, and remov ed with his household from one end of the kingdom to another. This was found to oc casion great inconvenience to the suitors, to remedy which it was made an article of the great charter of liberties, both of King John and King Henry III., that "common pleas should no longer follow the king'» court, but be held in some certain place," in consequence of which they have ever since been held (a few necessary removals in times of the plague excepted) in the palace of West minster only. The courts of equity also sit at Westminster, nominally, during term time, although, actually, only during the first day of term, for they generally sit in courts provided for the purpose in, or in the neigh borhood of, Lincoln's Inn. Brown. COURT ROLLS. The rolls of a manor, containing all acts relating thereto. While belonging to the lord of the manor, they are not in the nature of public books for the benefit of the tenant COUSIN. Kindred in the fourth degree, being the issue (male or female) of the broth er or sister of one's father or mother. Those who descend from the brother or sis ter of the father of the person spoken of are called "paternal cousins;" "maternal cousins" are those who are descended from the brothers or sisters of the mother. Cous ins-german are first cousins. Sanderson r. Bayley, 4 Myl. & a 59. In English writs, commissions, and other for mal instruments issued by the crown, the word signifies any peer of the degree of an earl. The appellation is as ancient as the reign of Henry IV., who, being related or allied to every earl then in the kingdom, acknowledged that connec* COURTESY. See CURTESY.

to determine civil rights and a court of rev enue to enrich the treasury. It was finally abolished by St. 16 Car. I. c. 10, to the gen eral satisfaction of the whole nation. Brown. COURT OF THE STEWARD AND MARSHAL. A high court, formerly held in England by the steward and marshal of the king's household, having jurisdiction of all actions against the king's peace within the bounds of the household for twelve miles, which circuit was called the "verge." Crabb, Bng. Law, 185. It had also jurisdiction of actions of debt and covenant, where both the parties were of the household. 2 Reeve, Eng. Law, 235, 247. COURT OF THE STEWARD OF THE KING'S HOUSEHOLD. In English law. A court which had jurisdiction of all cases of treason, misprision of treason, murder, manslaughter, bloodshed, and other mali cious strikings whereby blood is shed, oc curring in or within the limits of any of the palaces or houses of the king, or any other" house where the royal person is abid ing. It was created by statute 33 Hen. VIII. c. 12, but long since fell intb disuse. 4 Bl. Comm. 276, 277, and notes. COURT OF SURVEY. A court for the hearing of appeals by owners or masters of ships, from orders for the detention of un safe ships, made by the English board of trade, under the merchant shipping act, 1876, § 6. COURT OF SWEINMOTE. In old Eng lish law. One of the forest courts, having a somewhat similar jurisdiction to that of the court of attachments, (q. v.) COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES comprise the following: The senate of the United States, sitting as a court of impeach ment ; the supreme court; the circuit courts; the circuit courts of appeals; the district courts; the supreme court and court of ap peals of the District of Columbia; the ter ritorial courts; the court of claims; the court of private land claims; and the cus toms court. See the several titles. COURTS OF THE UNIVERSITIES of Oxford and Cambridge have jurisdiction in all personal actions to which any member or servant of the respective university is a party, provided that the cause of action arose within the liberties of the university, and that the member or servant was resi dent in the university when it arose, and when the action was brought 3 Steph. Comm. 299; St. 25 & 26 Vict. c. 26, § 12; St. 19 & 20 Vict c. 17. Each university court also has a criminal jurisdiction in all of fenses committed by its members. 4 Steph. Comm. 325.