KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

210

CLOSE

COAST

as distinguished from those that are open or patent —Close copies. Copies of legal documents which might be written closely or loosely at pleasure; as distinguished from office copies, which were to contain only a prescribed num ber of words on each sheet.—Close corpora tion. One in which the directors and officers have the power to fill vacancies in their own number, without allowing to the general body of stockholders any choice or vote in their election. McKim v. Odom, 3 Bland (Md.) 416, note.—Close rolls. Rolls containing the record of the close writs (literce clausce) and grants of the king, kept with the public records. 2 Bl. Comm. 346.—Close season. In game and fish laws, this term means the season of the year in which the taking of particular game or fish is prohibited, or in which all hunting or fishing is forbidden by law. State v. Theriault, 70 Vt. 617, 41 Atf. 1080, 43 L. R. A. 290, 67 Am. St. Rep. 695.—Close writs. In English law. Certain letters of the king, sealed with his great seal, and directed to particular persons and for particular purposes, which, not being proper for public inspection, are closed up and sealed on the outside, and are thence called "writs close." 2 Bl. Comm. 346; Sewell, Sheriffs, 372. Writs directed to the sheriff, instead of to the lord. 3 Reeve, Eng. Law, 45. OLOSE-HAUIiED. In admiralty law, this nautical term means the arrangement or trim of a vessel's sails when she endeavors to make a progress in the nearest direction possible towards that point of the compass from which the wind blows. But a vessel may be considered as close-hauled, although she is not quite so near to the wind as she could possibly lie. Chadwick v. Packet Co., 6 El. & Bl. 771. CLOTURE. The procedure in delibera tive assemblies whereby debate is closed. In troduced in the English parliament in the session of 1882. CLOUD ON TITLE. An outstanding claim or incumbrance which, if valid, would affect or impair the title of the owner of a particular estate, and which apparently and on its face has that effect, but which can be shown by extrinsic proof to be invalid or in applicable to the estate in question. A con veyance, mortgage, judgment, tax-levy, etc., may all, in proper cases, constitute a cloud on title. Plxley v. Huggins, 15 Cal. 133; Schenck v. Wicks, 23 Utah, 576, 65 Pac. 732; Lick v. Ray, 43 Cal. 87; Stoddard v. Pres cott, 58 Mich. 542, 25 N. W. 508; Phelps v. Harris, 101 U. S. 370, 25 L. Ed. 855; Fonda v. Sage, 48 N. Y. 181; Rigdon v. Shirk, 127 111. 411, 19 N. E. 698; Bissell v. Kellogg, 60 Barb. (N. Y.) 617; Bank v. Lawler, 46 Conn. 245. CIiOUGH. A valley. Also an allowance for the turn of the scale, on buying goods wholesale by weight. CLUB. A voluntary, unincorporated as sociation of persons for purposes of a social, literary, or political nature, or the like. A club is not a partnership. 2 Mees. & W. 172. The word "club" has no very definite meaning. Clubs are formed for all sorts of purposes, and

there is no uniformity in their constitutions and rules. It is well known that clubs exist which limit the number of the members and select them with great care, which own considerable property in common, and in which the furnish ing of food and drink to the members for money is but one of many conveniences which the mem bers enjoy. Com. v. Pomphret, 137 Mass. 567, 50 Am. Rep. 340. CLUB-LAW. Rule of violence; regula tion by force; the law of arms. CXYPEUS, or CLIPEUS. In old English law. A shield; metaphorically one of a no ble family. Olypei prostrati, noble families extinct Mat. Paris, 463. CO. A prefix to words, meaning "with" or "in conjunction" or "joint;" e. g., co trustees, co-executors. Also an abbreviation for "county," (Gilman v. Sheets, 78 Iowa, 499, 43 N. W. 299,) and for "company," (Railroad Co. v. People, 155 111. 299, 40 N. E. 599.) COACH. Coach is a generic term. It Is a kind of carriage, and is distinguished from other vehicles, chiefly, as being a covered box, hung on leathers, with four wheels. Turnpike Co. v. Neil, 9 Ohio, 12; Turnpike Co. v. Frink, 15 Pick. (Mass.) 444. COADJUTOR. An assistant helper, or ally; particularly a person appointed to as sist a bishop who from age or infirmity is unable to perform his duty. Olcott v. Ga bert, 86 Tex. 121, 23 S. W. 985. Also an over seer, (coadjutor of an executor,) and one who disseises a person of land not to his own use, but to that of another. CO-ADMINISTRATOR. One who is a joint administrator with one or more others. COADUNATTO. A uniting or combining together of persons; a conspiracy. 9 Coke, 56. COAL NOTE. A species ot promissory note, formerly in use in the port of London, containing the phrase "value received in coals." By the statute 3 Geo. II. c. 26, §§ 7, 8, these were to be protected and noted as inland bills of exchange. But this was re pealed by the statute 47 Geo. III. sess. 2, c. 68, § 28. COALITION. In French law. An un lawful agreement among several persons not to do a thing except on some conditions agreed upon; particularly, industrial com binations, strikes, etc.; a conspiracy. CO-ASSIGNEE. One of two or more as signees of the same subject-matter. COAST. The edge or margin of a coun try bounding on the sea. It is held that the term includes small islands and reefs natu rally connected with the adjacent land, and rising above the surface of the water, al though their composition may not be suffi ciently firm and stable to admit of their be*