KFLCC Kingdom Law 2nd Ed.

CHURCH

200

CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS

CIRCADA. A tribute anciently paid to the bishop or archbishop for visiting church es. Du Fresne. In Hindu law. Head of af fairs ; the state or government; a grand di vision of a province; a headman. A name used by Europeans in Bengal to denote the Hindu writer and accountant employed by themselves, or in the public offices. Whar ton. A division of the country, appointed for a particular judge to visit for the trial of causes or for the administration of justice. Bouvier. Circuits, as the term is used in England, may be otherwise defined to be the period ical progresses of the judges of the superior courts of common law, through the several counties of England and Wales, for the pur pose of administering civil and criminal jus tice. —Circuit judge. The judge of a circuit court. Crozier v. Lyons, 72 Iowa, 401, 34 N. W. 186. —Circuit justice. In federal law and prac tice. The justice of the supreme court who is allotted to a given circuit. U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 486.—Circuit paper. In English practice. A paper containing a statement of the time and place at which the several assises will be held, and other statistical information con nected with the assises. Holthouse. The name of a system of courts of the United States, in vested with general original jurisdiction of such matters and causes as are of Federal cognizance, except the matters specially del egated to the district courts. The United States circuit courts are held by one of the justices of the supreme court ap pointed for the circuit, (and bearing the name, in that capacity, of circuit justice,) together with the circuit judge and the district judge of the district in which they are held. Their busi ness is not only the supervision of trials of is sues in fact, but tke hearing of causes as a court in banc; and they have equity as well as common-law jurisdiction, together with appel late jurisdiction from the decrees and judgments of the district courts. 1 Kent, Comm. 301-303. In several of the states, circuit court is the name given to a tribunal, the territorial jurisdiction of which comprises several coun ties or districts, and whose sessions are held in such counties or districts alternately. These courts usually have general original jurisdiction. In re Johnson, 12 Kan. 102. CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS. A system of courts of the United States (on© in each circuit) created by act of congress of March 3, 1891 (U. S. Comp. St 1901, p. 488), composed of the circuit justice, the circuit judge, and an additional circuit judge ap pointed for each such court, and having ap pellate jurisdiction from the circuit and dis trict courts except in certain specified class es of cases. CIRCAR. CIRCUIT. CIRCUIT COURTS.

tution of the state, (see the first clause of Mag na Charta,) of which the sovereign is the su preme head by act of parliament, (26 Hen. VIII. a 1,) but in what sense is not agreed. The sov ereign must be a member of the church, and every subject is in theory a member. Wharton. Pawlet v. Clark, 9 Cranch, 292, 3 L. Ed. 735. —Church rate. In English law. A sum as sessed for the repair of parochial churches by the representatives of the parishioners in vestry assembled.—Church reeve. A church warden; an overseer of a church. Now obsolete. CowelL —Church-scot. In old English law. Custom ary obligations paid to the parish priest; from which duties the religious sometimes purchased an exemption for themselves and their tenants. —Church wardens. A species of ecclesiastic al officers who are intrusted with the care and guardianship of the church building and proper ty. These, with the rector and vestry, represent the parish in its corporate capacity.— Church yard. See CEMETERY. CHURCHESSET. In old English law. A certain portion or measure of wheat, ancient ly paid to the church on St. Martin's day; and which, according to Fleta, was paid as well in the time of the Britons as of the English. Fleta, lib. 1, c. 47, § 28. CHUBIi. In Saxon law. A freeman of inferior rank, chiefly employed in husbandry. 1 Reeve, Eng. Law, 5. A tenant at will of free condition, who held land from a thane, on condition of rents and services. Cowell. See CEOBL. CI. Fr. So; here. Ci Dieiu vous eyde, so help you God. Ci devant, heretofore. Ci Men, as well. CIBABIA. Lat In the civil law. Foodj victuals. Dig. 34, 1. CICATRIX. In medical jurisprudence. A scar; the mark left in the flesh or skin after the healing of a wound, and having the appearance of a seam or of a ridge of flesh. CINQUE PORTS. Five (now seven) ports or havens on the south-east coast of Eng land, towards France, formerly esteemed the most important in the kingdom. They are Dover, Sandwich, Romney, Hastings, and Hythe, to which Winchelsea and Rye have been since added. They had similar fran chises, in some respects, with the counties palatine, and particularly an exclusive juris diction, (before the mayor and jurats, corres ponding to aldermen, of the ports,) in which the king's ordinary writ did not run. 3 BL Comm. 79. The 18 & 19 Vict c. 48, (amended by 20 & 21 Vict. c. 1,) abolishes all jurisdiction and authority of the lord warden of the Cinque Ports and constable of Dover Castle, in or in relation to the administration of justice in actions, suits, or other civil proceedings at law or in equity. CIPPI. An old English law term for the stocks, an instrument in which the wrists or Ankles of petty offenders were confined.