Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

PASSAGIUM REGIS

877

PATENT

PASSAGIUM REGIS. A voyage or ex pedition to the Holy Land made by the kings of England In person. Cowell. PASSATOR. He who has the interest or command of the passage of a river; or a lord to whom a duty is paid for passage. Whar ton. PASSENGER. A person whom a com mon carrier has contracted to carry from one place to another, and has, in the course of th3 performance of that contract, received under his care either upon the means of con veyance, or at the point of departure of that means of conveyance. 96 Pa. St. 267. PASSIAGIARIUS. A ferryman. Jacob. PASSING-TICKET. In English law. A kind of permit, being a note or check which the toll-clerks on some canals give to the boatmen, specifying the lading for which they have paid toll. Wharton. PASSIO. Pannage: a liberty for hogs to run in forests or woods to feed upon mast. Mon. Angl. 1, 682. PASSIVE DEBT. A debt upon which, by agreement between the debtor and cred itor, no interest is payable, as distinguished from active debt; i. e., a debt upon which in terest is payable. In this sense, the terms "active" and "passive" are applied to cer tain debts due from the Spanish government to Great Britain. Wharton. In another sense of the words, a debt is "active" or "passive" according as the per son of the creditor or debtor is regarded; a passive debt being that which a man owes; an active debt that which is owing to him. In this meaning every debt is both active and passive,—active as regards the creditor, passive as regards the debtor. PASSIVE TRUST. A trust as to which the trustee has no active duty to perform. P A S S I V E USE. A permissive use, (q. «.) PASSPORT. In international law. A document issued to a neutral merchant vessel, by her own government, during the progress of a war, and to be carried on the voyage, containing a sufficient description of the vessel, master, voyage, and cargo to evi dence her nationality and protect her against the cruisers of the belligerent powers. This paper is otherwise called a "pass," "sea pass." "sea-letter, or "sea-brief." A license or safe-conduct, issued during the

progress of a war, authorizing a person to re move himself or his effects from the territory of one of the belligerent nations to another country, or to travel from country to country without arrest or detention on account of the war. In American law. A special instrument intended for the protection of American ves sels against the Barbary powers, usually called a "Mediterranean pass." Jac Sea Laws, 69. In modern European law. A warrant of protection and authority to travel, granted to persons moving from place to place, by the competent officer. Brando. PASTO. In Spanish law. Feeding; pasture; a right of pasture. White, New Secop. b. 2, tit. 1, c. 6, § 4. PASTOR. Lat. A shepherd. Applied to a minister of the Christian religion, who has charge of a congregation, hence called his "flock." PASTURE. Land on which cattle are fed; also the right of pasture. Co. Utt. 46. PASTUS. In feudal law. The procura tion or provision which tenants were bound to make for their lords at certain times, or as often as they made a progress to their lands. It was often converted into money. PATEAT UNIVERSIS PER PRiE SENTES. Know all men by these presents. Words with which letters of attorney ancient ly commenced. Beg. Orig. 3056, 806. PATENT, adj* Open; manifest; evi dent; unsealed. Used in this sense in such phrases as "patent ambiguity," "patent writ," "letters patent." PATENT, n. A grant of some privilege, property, or authority, made by the govern ment or sovereign of a country to one or more individuals. Phil. Pat. 1. In English law. A grant by the sover eign to a subject or subjects, under the great seal, conferring some authority, title, fran chise, or property; termed "letters patent" from being delivered open, and not closed up from inspection. In American law. The instrument by which a state or government grants publio lands to an individual. A grant made by the government to an in ventor, conveying and securing to him the exclusive right to make and sell his invention for a term of years.

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