Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

LANDCHEAP

685

LAND

whether soil, rock, or other substance. Civil Code Cal. $ 659. Philosophically, it seems more correct to say that the word "land" means, in law, as in the ver nacular, the soil, or portion of the earth's crust; and to explain or justify such expressions as that "whoever owns the land owns the buildings above and the minerals below," upon the view, not that these are within the extension of the term "land," but that they are so connected with it that by rules of law they pass by a conveyance of the land. This view makes " land," as a term, narrower in sig nification than "realty;" though it would allow an instrument speaking of land to operate co-extensive ly with one granting realty or real property by either of those terms. But many of the authori ties use the expression "land" as including these incidents to the soil. Abbott. LAND CERTIFICATE. Upon the reg istration of freehold land under the English land transfer act, 1875, a certificate is given to the registered proprietor, and similarly upon every transfer of registered land. This registiation supersedes the necessity of any further registration in the register counties. Sweet. LAND COUBT. In American law. A court formerly existing in St. Louis, Mo., having a limited territorial jurisdiction over actions concerning real property, and suits for dower, partition, etc. LAND-GABEL. A tax or rent issuing out of land. Spelman says it was originally a penny for every house. This land-gdbel, or land-gavel, in the register of Domesday, was a quit-rent for the site of a house, or the land whereon it stood; the same with what we now call "ground-rent." Wharton. "LAND-POOR." By this term is gen erally understood that a man has a great deal of unproductive land, and perhaps is obliged to borrow money to pay taxes; but a man "land-poor" may be largely responsible. 46 Mich. 397, 9 N. W. Rep. 445. LAND-REEVE. A person whose busi ness it is to overlook certain parts of a farm or estate; to attend not only to the woods and hedge-timber, but also to the state of the fences, gates, buildings, private roads, drift ways, and water-courses; and likewise to the stocking of commons, and encroachments of every kind, as well as to prevent or detect waste and spoil in general, whether by the tenants or others; and to report the same to the manager or land steward. Enc. Lond. LAND STEWARD. A person who overlooks or has the management of a farm or estate.

LAND TAX. A tax laid upon the legal or beneficial owner of real property, and ap portioned upon the assessed value of his land. LAND TENANT. The person actually in possession of land; otherwise styled the "terre-tenant." LAND TITLES AND TRANSFER ACT. An English statute (38 & 39 Viet. c. 87) providing for the establishment of a reg istry for titles to real property, and making sundry provisions for the transfer of lands and the recording of the evidences therof. It presents some analogies to the recording laws of the American states. LAND WAITER. In English law. An officer of the custom-house, whose duty is, upon landing any merchandise, to examine, taste, weigh, or measure it, and to take an account thereof. In some ports they also execute the office of a coast waiter. They are likewise occasionally styled "searchers," and are to attend and join with the patent searcher in the execution of all cockets for the shipping of goods to be exported to for eign parts; and, in cases where drawbacks on bounties are to be paid to the merchant on the exportation of any goods, they, as well as the patent searchers, are to certify the shipping thereof on the debentures. Enc. Lond. LAND-WARRANT. The evidence which the state, on good consideration, gives that the person therein named is entitled to the quantity of land therein specified, the bounds and description of which the owner of the warrant may fix by entry and survey, in the section of country set apart for its lo cation and satisfaction. 6 Yerg. 205. LANDA. An open field without wood; a lawnd or lawn. Cowell; Blount. LANDAGENDE, LANDHLAFORD, or LANDRICA. In Saxon law. A pro prietor of land; lord of the soil. Anc Inst. Eng. LANDBOC. In Saxon law. A charter or deed by which lands or tenements were given or held. Spelman; Cowell; 1 Reeve, Eng. Law, 10. LANDCHEAP. In old English law. An ancient customary fine, paid either in money or cattle, at every alienation of land lying within some manor, or within the liberty of some borough. Cowell; Blount.

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