Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

304

CROWN PAPER

CROSS-DEMAND

lief against any party, relating to or depending upon the contract or transaction upon which the action is brought, or affecting the property to which the action relates, he may, in addi tion to his answer, file at the same time, or by permission of the court subsequently, a cross-complaint. The cross-complaint must be served upon the parties affected thereby, and such parties may demur or answer thereto as to the original complaint. Code Civil Proc. Cal. § 442. CBOSS-DEMAND. Where a person against whom a demand is made by another, in his turn makes a demand against that other, these mutual demands are called "cross demands." A set-off is a familiar example. CROSS-ERRORS. Errors being assigned by the respondent in a writ of error, the er rors assigned on both sides are called "cross errors." CROSS-EXAMINATION. In practice. The examination of a witness upon a trial or hearing, or upon taking a deposition, by the party opposed to the one who produced him, upon his evidence given in chief, to test its truth, to futther develop it, or for other pur poses. CROSS-REMAINDER. Where land is devised or conveyed to two or more persons as tenants in common, or where different parts of the same land are given to such per sons in severalty, with such limitations that, upon the determination of the particular es tate of either, his share is to pass to the other, to the entire exclusion of the ultimate re mainder-man or reversioner until all the par ticular estates shall be exhausted, the re mainders so limited are called "cross-remain ders." In wills, such remainders may arise by implication; but, in deeds, only by express limitation. See 2 Bl. Comm. 381; 2 Washb. Real Prop. 233; 1 Prest. Est. 94. CROSS-RULES. These were rules where each of the opposite litigants obtained a rule nisi, as the plaintiff to increase the damages, and the defendant to enter a nonsuit. Whar ton. CROSSED CHECK. A check crossed with two lines, between which are either the name of a bank or the words "and company," in full or abbreviated. In the former case, the banker on whom it is drawn must not pay the money for the check to any other than the banker named; in the latter case, he must not pay it to any other than a banker. 2 Steph. Comm. 118, note c.

CROWN. The sovereign power In ft monarchy, especially in relation to the pun ishment of crimes. "Felony is an offense of the crown." Finch, Law, b. 1, c. 16. An ornamental badge of regal power worn on the head by sovereign princes. The word is frequently used when speaking of the sov ereign herself, or the rights, duties, and pre rogatives belonging to her. Also a silver coin of the value of five shillings. Wharton. CROWN CASES. In English law. Criminal prosecutions on behalf of the crown, as representing the public; causes in the criminal courts. CROWN CASES RESERVED. In English law. Questions of law arising in criminal trials at the assizes, (otherwise than by way of demurrer,) and not decided there, but reserved for the consideration of the court of criminal appeal. CROWN COURT. In English law. The court in which the crown cases, or crim inal business, of the assizes is transacted. CROWN DEBTS. In English law. Debts due to the crown, which are put, by various statutes, upon a different footing from those due to a subject. CROWN LANDS. The demesne lands of the crown. CROWN LAW. Criminal law in Eng land is sometimes so termed, the crown be ing always the prosecutor in criminal pro ceedings. 4 Bl. Comm. 2. CROWN OFFICE. The criminal side of the court of king's bench. The king's attorney in this court is called "master of the crown office." 4 Bl. Comm. 308. CROWN OFFICE IN CHANCERY. One of the offices of the English high court of chancery, now transferred to the high court of justice. The principal official, the clerk of the crown, is an officer of parlia ment, and of the lord chancellor, in his non judicial capacity, rather than an officer of the courts of law. CROWN PAPER. A paper containing the list of criminal cases which await the hearing or decision of the court, and partic ularly of the court of queen's bench; and it then includes all cases arising from informa tions quo toarranto, criminal informations, criminal cases brought up from inferior courts by writ of certiorari, and cases from the sessions. Brown.

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