Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

COVENANT TO CONVEY

298

CRASTINO

COVENT. A contraction, in the old books, of the word "convent." COVENTRY ACT. The name given to the statute 22 & 23 Car. II. c. 1, which pro vided for the punishment of assaults with Intent to maim or disfigure a person. It was so named from its being occasioned by an as sault on Sir John Coventry in the street. 4 Bl. Comm. 207. COVERT. Covered, protected, sheltered. A pound covert is one that is close or cov ered over, as distinguished from pound overt, which is open overhead. Co. Litt. 476; 3 Bl. Comm. 12. A feme covert is so called, as being under the wing, protection, or cover of her husband. 1 Bl. Comm. 442. COVERT BARON, or COVERT DE BARON. Under the protection of a hus band; married. 1 Bl. Comm. 442. La feme qve est covert de baron, the woman which is covert of a husband. Litt. § 670. COVERTURE. The condition or state of a married woman. Sometimes used ellip tical ly to describe the legal disability arising from a state of coverture. COVIN. A secret conspiracy or agree ment between two or more persons to injure or defraud another. COVINOUS. Deceitful, fraudulent. C O W A R D I C E . Pusillanimity; fear; misbehavior through fear in relation to some duty to be performed before an enemy. O'Brien, Ct. M. 142. CRAFT. A general term, now common ly applied to all kinds of sailing vessels, though formerly restricted to the smaller ves sels. Worcester; 21 Grat. 693. A guild. CRANAGE. A liberty to use a crane for drawing up goods and wares of burden from ships and vessels, at any creek of the sea, or whaif, unto the land, and to make a profit of doing so. It also signifies the money paid and taken for the service. Tomhns. CRASSA NEGLIGENTIA. Gross neglect; absence of ordinary care and dili gence. 82 N. Y. 72. CRASSUS. Large; gross; excessive; ex treme. Crassa ignorantia, gross ignorance. Fleta, lib. 5, c. 22, § 18. CRASTINO. The morrow, the day after. The return-day of writs; because thefirst day of the term was always some saint's day, and

land, as being annexed to the estate, and which cannot be separated from the land, and transferred without it. 4 Kent, Comm. 472, note. A covenant is said to run with the land, when not only the original parties or their representatives, but each successive owner of the land, will be entitled to its ben efit, or be liable (as the case may be) to its obligation. 1 Steph. Comm. 455. Or, in other words, it is so called when either the liability to perform it or the right to take ad vantage of it passes to the assignee of the land. COVENANT TO CONVEY. A cove nant by which the covenantor agrees to con vey to the covenantee a certain estate, under certain circumstances. COVENANT TO STAND SEISED. A conveyance adapted to the case where a person seised of land in possession, reversion, or vested remainder, proposes to convey it to his wife, child, or kinsman. In its terms it consists of a covenant by him, in consider ation of his natural love and affection, to stand seised of the land to the use of the in tended transferee. Before the statute of uses this would merely have raised a use in favor of the covenantee; but by that act this use is converted into the legal estate, and the covenant therefore operates as a conveyance of the land to the covenantee. It is now al most obsolete. 1 Steph. Comm. 532; Will iams, Seis. 145. COVENANTEE. The party to whom a covenant is made. Shep. Touch. 160. COVENANTOR. The party who makes a covenant. Shep. Touch. 160. COVENANTS TOR TITLE. Cove nants usually inserted in a conveyance of land, on the part of the grantor, and binding him for the completeness, security, and continu ance of the title transferred to the grantee. They comprise "covenants for seisin, for right to convey, against incumbrances, for quiet enjoyment, sometimes for further as surance, and almost always of warranty." Rawle, Cov. § 21. COVENANTS IN GROSS. Suchas do not run with the land. COVENANTS PERFORMED. In Pennsylvania practice. This is the name of a plea to the action of covenant whereby the defendant, upon informal notice to the plain tiff, may give anything in evidence which he might have pleaded. 4 Dall. 439.

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