Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

COURT OF ERROR

COURT OF CLAIMS

290

COURT OF CONVOCATION. I» English ecclesiastical law. A court, or assembly, comprising all the high officials of each province and representatives of the minor clergy. It is in the nature of an ec clesiastical parliament; and, so far as its ju dicial functions extend, it has jurisdiction of cases of heresy, schism, and other purely ec clesiastical matters. An appeal lies to the queen in council. COURT OF THE CORONER. In En glish law. A court of record, to inquire, when any one dies in prison, or comes to a violent or sudden death, by what manner he came to his end. 4 Steph. Comm. 323; 4 Bl. Comm. 274. See CORONER. COURTS OF THE COUNTIES PAL ATINE. In English law. A species of pri vate court which formerly appertained to the counties palatine of Lancaster and Durham. COURT OF COUNTY COMMISSION ERS. There is in each county of Alabama a court of record, styled the "court of county commissioners," composed of the judge of probate, as principal judge, and four com missioners, who are elected at the times pre scribed by law, and hold office for four years. Code Ala. 1886, § 819. COURT OF DELEGATES. A tribu nal composed of delegates appointed by royal commission, and formerly the great court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. The pow ers of the court were, by 2 & 3 Wm. IV. c. 92, transferred to the privy council. A com mission of review was formerly granted, in extraordinary cases, to revise a sentence of the court of delegates, when that court had apparently been led into material error. Brown. COURT OF THE DUCHY OF LAN CASTER. A court of special jurisdiction, held before the chancellor of the duchy or his deputy, concerning all matters of equity re lating to lands holden of the king in right of the duchy of Lancaster. 3 Bl. Comm. 78. COURT OF EQUITY. A court which has jurisdiction in equity, which administers justice and decides controversies in accord ance with the rules, principles, and prece dents of equity, and which follows the forma and procedure of chancery; as distinguished from a court having the jurisdiction, rules, principles, and practice of the common law. COURT OF ERROR. An expression applied especially to the court of exchequer

COURT OF CLAIMS. One of the courts of the United States, erected by act of congress. It consists of a chief justice and four associates, and holds one annual session. It is located at Washington. Its jurisdiction extends to all claims against the United States aiising out of any contract with the government or based on an act of congress or regulation of the executive, and all claims referred to it by either house of congress, as well as to claims for exoneration by a dis bursing officer. Its judgments are, in cer tain cases, reviewable by the United States supreme court. It has no equity powers. Its decisions are reported and published. COURT OF THE CLERK OF THE MARKET. An English court of inferior jurisdiction held in every fair or market for the punishment of misdemeanors committed therein, and the recognizance of weights and measures. COURT OF COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERS. The name of certain English courts created by commission under the great seal pursuant to the statute of sewers, (23 Hen. VIII. c. 5.) COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. The English court of common pleas was one of the four superior courts at Westminster, and existed up to the passing of the judicature acts. It was also styled the "Common Bench." It was one of the courts derived from the breaking up of the aula regis, and had exclusive jurisdiction of all real actions and of communia placita, or common pleas, i. e., between subject and subject. It was presided over by a chief justice with four puisne judges. Appeals lay anciently to the king's bench, but afterwards to the exchequer chamber. See 3 Bl. Comm. 37, et seq. In American law. The name some times given to a court of original and gen eral jurisdiction for the trial of issues of fact and law according to the principles of the common law. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW 5TOEK. The oldest court in the state of New York. Its jurisdiction is unlimited as respects amount, but restricted to the city and county of New York as respects locality. It has also appellate jurisdiction of cases tried in the marine court and district courts of New York city. Rap. & L. COURTS OF CONSCIENCE. These were the same as courts of request, (q. v.)

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