Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

1103

SOCIETE EN COMMANDITE

SOCA

far as their connection with the corporation is concerned, their own names may be said to be anonymous, that is, nameless. Hence the derivation of the term ' anonymous' as applied to a body of persons associated to gether in the form of a company to transact any given business under a company name which does not disclose any of their own." Hall, Mex. Law, § 749. SOCIETAS. Lat. In the civil law. Partnership; a partnership; the contract of partnership. Inst. 3, 26. A contract by which the goods or labor of two or more are united in a common stock, for the sake of sharing in the gain. Hallifax, Civil Law, b. 2, c. 18, no. 12. SOCIETAS LEONINA. In Roman law. That kind of society or partnership by which the entire profits belong to some of the part ners, in exclusion of the rest. So called in allusion to the fable of the lion, who, having entered into partnership with other animals for the purpose of hunting, appropriated all the prey to himself. It was void. Whar ton. SOCIETAS NAVALIS. A naval part nership; an association of vessels; a number of ships pursuing their voyage in company, for purposes of mutual protection. SOCIETE. Fr. In French law. Part nership. See COMMENDAM. SOCIETE ANONYME. InFrench law. An association where the liability of all the partners is limited. It had in England un til lately no other name than that of "char tered company," meaning thereby a joint stock company whose shareholders, by a char ter from the crown, or a special enactment of the legislature, stood exempted from any lia bility for the debts of the concern, beyond the amount of their subscriptions. 2 Mill, Pol. Econ. 485. SOCIETE EN COMMANDITE. In Louisiana. A partnership formed by a con tract by which one person or partnership agrees to furnish another person or partner ship a certain amount, either in property or money, to be employed by the person or part nership to whom it is furnished, in his or their own name or firm, on condition of re ceiving a share in the profits, in the propor tion determined by the contract, and of be* ing liable to losses and expenses to the amount furnished and no more. Civil Code La. ait, 2810.

SOCA. A seigniory or lordship, enfran chised by the king, with liberty of holding a court of his socmen or socagert; i. «., his tenants. SOCAGE. Socage tenure, in England, is the holding of certain lands in consideration of certain inferior services of husbandry to be performed by the tenant to the lord of the fee. "Socage," in its most general and ex tensive signification, seems to denote a ten ure by any certain and determinate service. And in this sense it is by the ancient writers constantly put in opposition to tenure by chiv alry or knight-service, where the render was precarious and uncertain. Socage is of two sorts,—free socage, where the services are not only certain, but honorable; and villein socage, where the services, though certain, are of baser nature. Such as hold by the former tenure are also called in Glanvil and other authors by the name of "liberi soke manni," or tenants in fee socage. By the statute 12 Car. 2, c 24, all the tenures by knight-service were, with one or two im material exceptions, converted into free and common socage. See Cowell; Bract. 1. 2, c. 35; 2 Bl. Comm. 79; Fleta, lib. 3, c. 14, § 9; Litt. § 117; Glan. 1. 3, c. 7. SOCAGEB. A tenant by socage. Socagium idem est quod servitum socse; et soca, idem est quod caruca. Co. Litt. 86. Socage is the same as service of the soc; and soc is the same thing as a plow. SOCEB. In the civil law. A wife's father; a father-in-law. Calvin. SOCIALISM. A scheme of government aiming at absolute equality in the distribu tion of the physical means of life and enjoy ment. It is on the continent employed in a larger sense; not necessarily implying com munism, or the entire abolition of private property, but applied to any system which requires that the land and the instruments of production should be the property, not of in dividuals, but of communities or associations or of the government. 1 Mill, Pol. Econ. 248. SOCIEDAD. In Spanish law. Partner ship. Schm. Civil Law, 153, 154. SOCIEDAD ANONIMA. In Spanish and Mexican law. A business corporation. *By the corporate name, the shareholders' names are unknown to the world; and, so

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