Blacks Law Dict. 1st ed

SHAREHOLDER

SHERIFF

1090

ties, (Cooke, Incl. Acts 44.) and seem to be corporeal hereditaments, (Elton, Commons, 35,) although they are sometimes classed with rights of common, but erroneously, the right being an exclusive right of pasture. Sweet. SHEEP-SILVER. A service turned in to money, which was paid in respect that an ciently the tenants used to wash the lord's sheep. Wharton. SHEEP-SKIN. A deed; so called from the parchment it was written on. SHEEP-WALK. A right of sheep-walk is the same thing as a fold-course, {q. v.) Elton, Commons, 44. SHELLEY'S CASE, RULE IN. "When the ancestor, by any gift or convey ance, taketh an estate of freehold, and in the same gift or conveyance an estate is limited, either mediately or immediately, to his heirs in fee or in tail, the * heirs 'are words of limit ation of the estate, and not words of pur chase." 1 Coke, 104. Intimately connected with the quantity of estate which a tenant may hold in realty is the antique feudal doctrine generally known as the "Rule in Shelley's Case," which is re ported by Lord Coke in 1 Coke, 936, (23 Eliz. in C. B.) This rule was not first laid down or established in that case, but was then simply admitted in argument as a well founded and settled rule of law, and has al ways since been quoted as the "Rule in Shel ley's Case." Wharton. SHEPWAY, COURT OP. A court held before the lord warden of the Cinque Ports. A writ of error lay from the mayor and jurats of each port to the lord warden in this court, and thence to the queen's bench. The civil jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports is abolished by 18 & 19 Viet. c. 48. SHEREFFE. The body of the lordship of Caerdiff in South Wales, excluding the members of it. Powel, Hist. Wales, 123. SHERIFF. In American law. The chief executive and administrative officer of a county, being chosen by popular election. His principal duties are in aid of the crimi nal courts and civil courts of record; such as serving process, summoning juries, execut ing judgments, holding judicial sales, and the like. He is also the chief conservator of the peace within his territorial jurisdiction. In English law. The sheriff is the prin cipal officer in every county, and has the transacting of the public business of the

warrant operates as a transfer of the shares or stock. Sweet. SHAREHOLDER. In the strict sense of the term, a "shareholder" is a person who has agreed to become a member of a corpora tion or company, and with respect to whom all the required formalities have been gone through; e. g., signing of deed of settlement, registration, or the like. A shareholder by estoppel is a person who has acted and been treated as a shareholder, and consequently has the same liabilities as if he were an ordi nary shareholder. Lindl. Fartn. 130. SHARP. A "sharp" clause in a mortgage or other security (or the whole instrument described as "sharp") is one which empowers the creditor to take prompt and summary ac tion upoa default in payment or breach of other conditions. SHARPING CORN. A customary gift of corn, which, at every Christmas, the farmers in some parts of England give to their smith for sharpening their plow-irons, harrow tines, etc. Blount. SHASTER. In Hindu law. The instru ment of government or instruction; any book of instructions, particularly containing Di vine ordinances. Wharton. SHAVE. While "shave" is sometimes used to denote the act of obtaining the prop erty of another by oppression and extortion, it may be used in an innocent sense to denote the buying of existing notes and other securi ties for money, at a discount. Hence to charge a man with using money for shaving is not libelous per se. 2 Denio, 300. SHAW. In old English law. A wood. Co. Litt. 46. SHAWATORES. Soldiers. Cowell. SHEADING. A riding, tithing, or di vision in the Isle of Man, where the whole island is divided into six sheadings, in each of which there is a coroner or chief consta ble appointed by a delivery of a rod at the Tinewald court or annual convention. King, Isle of Man, 7. SHEEP. A wether more than a year old. 4 Car. & P. 216. SHEEP-HEAVES. Small plots of past ure, in England, often in the middle of the waste of a manor, of which the soil may or may not be in the lord, but the pasture is private property, and leased or sold as such. They principally occur in the northern coun

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